ReviewJournal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi2022
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated bacterial coinfection: Incidence, diagnosis and treatment.
Review in Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Antibiotic Prescribing Practices During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Drug Repositioning for MultiresistantACS omega · 2026Article
- A multicenter retrospective study on severe complications of acute otitis media and sinusitis in healthy children in the context of covid pandemic - CAOS-kids.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2-International journal of microbiology · 2026Review
- Severity of COVID-19 in hospitalised children in Espírito Santo, Brazil: a comparative analysis of pre- and post-Omicron periods.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2026Observational
- Comparative clinical features and outcomes of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis following influenzaFrontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Association between SARS-CoV-2 testing and antibiotic use in Swiss long-term care facilities: a retrospective multicentric study.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: clinical characteristics and prognosis.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2025Article
- Prognostic Factors in COVID-19 Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Single-Centre Experience.Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- An anti-complement homogeneous polysaccharide fromActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Article
- Pathogenic and periodontal bacteria may contribute to the fatal outcome of critically ill elderly COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dual threat: Susceptibility mechanisms and treatment strategies for COVID-19 and bacterial co-infections.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Review
- Clinical management of sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: current evidence and future directions.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Clinical characteristics and prognosis of COVID-19- associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically patients: a single-center study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- A pilot study of the impact of bacterial and fungal coinfections on mildly ill COVID-19 patients.Canadian journal of respiratory therapy : CJRT = Revue canadienne de la therapie respiratoire : RCTR · 2025Article
- Respiratory Pathogen Coinfection During Intersecting COVID-19 and Influenza Epidemics.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Viral sepsis: diagnosis, clinical features, pathogenesis, and clinical considerations.Military Medical Research · 2024Review
- Bacterial Infections, Trends, and Resistance Patterns in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Romania-A Systematic Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The long Pentraxin PTX3 serves as an early predictive biomarker of co-infections in COVID-19.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a pandemic that spread rapidly around the world, causing nearly 500 billion infections and more than 6 million deaths to date. During the first wave of the pandemic, empirical antibiotics was prescribed in over 70% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. However, research now shows a low incidence rate of bacterial coinfection in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, between 2.5% and 5.1%. The rate of secondary infections was 3.7% in overall, but can be as high as 41.9% in the intensive care units. Over-prescription of antibiotics to treat COVID-19 patients fueled the ongoing antimicrobial resistance globally. Diagnosis of bacterial coinfection is challenging due to indistinguishable clinical presentations with overlapping lower respiratory tract symptoms such as fever, cough and dyspnea. Other diagnostic methods include conventional culture, diagnostic syndromic testing, serology test and biomarkers. COVID-19 patients with bacterial coinfection or secondary infection have a higher in-hospital mortality and longer length of stay, timely and appropriate antibiotic use aided by accurate diagnosis is crucial to improve patient outcome and prevent antimicrobial resistance.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.