Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36240826›Full record

ArticleThe Lancet. Global health2022

Micronutrient deficiencies among preschool-aged children and women of reproductive age worldwide: a pooled analysis of individual-level data from population-representative surveys.

Gretchen A Stevens, Ty Beal, Mduduzi N N Mbuya, Hanqi Luo, Lynnette M Neufeld, Global Micronutrient Deficiencies Research Group

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Lancet. Global health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 303 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
303citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
54.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

303 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 538 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Pooled it
  11. Pooled it
  12. Pooled it
  13. Trial
  14. Trial
  15. Trial
  16. Trial
  17. Trial
  18. Trial
  19. Trial
  20. Trial

243 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.

Gretchen A StevensLos Angeles, CA, USA; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Ty BealGlobal Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Washington, DC, USA.
Mduduzi N N MbuyaGlobal Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Washington, DC, USA.
Hanqi LuoHubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Lynnette M NeufeldFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: lynnette.neufeld@fao.org.
Global Micronutrient Deficiencies Research Group
Emory University · USImperial College London · GBFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations · ITGlobal Alliance for Improved Nutrition · CHMicron (United States) · USAmerican Society for Nutrition · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMicronutrient deficiencies compromise immune systems, hinder child growth and development, and affect human potential worldwide. Yet, to our knowledge, the only existing estimate of the global prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies is from over 30 years ago and is based only on the prevalence of anaemia. We aimed to estimate the global and regional prevalence of deficiency in at least one of three micronutrients among preschool-aged children (aged 6-59 months) and non-pregnant women of reproductive age (aged 15-49 years).

methodsIn this pooled analysis, we reanalysed individual-level biomarker data for micronutrient status from nationally representative, population-based surveys. We used Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression to estimate the prevalence of deficiency in at least one of three micronutrients for preschool-aged children (iron, zinc, and vitamin A) and for non-pregnant women of reproductive age (iron, zinc, and folate), globally and in seven regions using 24 nationally representative surveys done between 2003 and 2019.

findingsWe estimated the global prevalence of deficiency in at least one of three micronutrients to be 56% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 48-64) among preschool-aged children, and 69% (59-78) among non-pregnant women of reproductive age, equivalent to 372 million (95% UI 319-425) preschool-aged children and 1·2 billion (1·0-1·4) non-pregnant women of reproductive age. Regionally, three-quarters of preschool-aged children with micronutrient deficiencies live in south Asia (99 million, 95% UI 80-118), sub-Saharan Africa (98 million, 83-113), or east Asia and the Pacific (85 million, 61-110). Over half (57%) of non-pregnant women of reproductive age with micronutrient deficiencies live in east Asia and the Pacific (384 million, 279-470) or south Asia (307 million, 255-351).

interpretationWe estimate that over half of preschool-aged children and two-thirds of non-pregnant women of reproductive age worldwide have micronutrient deficiencies. However, estimates are uncertain due to the scarcity of population-based micronutrient deficiency data.

fundingUS Agency for International Development.

Indexed as

Anemia, Iron-DeficiencyMalnutritionBayes TheoremChildChild, PreschoolFemaleFolic AcidHumansIronMicronutrientsPrevalenceVitamin AZincFolic AcidIronMicronutrientsVitamin AZinc

Identifiers

PMID36240826
PMCPMC10918648
OpenAlexW4304617835

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.