ArticlePloS one2022
Risk factors and recurrence of cause-specific postpartum hemorrhage: A population-based study.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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9 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond Standard Algorithms: Diagnostic, Procedural, and Analgesic Challenges in Refractory Postpartum Hemorrhage.Cureus · 2026Article
- Association between obstetric comorbidity index and complications of vaginal delivery: a large cross-sectional study from China.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Does induction or augmentation of labor increase the risk of postpartum hemorrhage in pregnant women with anemia? A multicenter prospective cohort study in India.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025Article
- A high HEMSTOP bleeding score is a major independent risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage: a prospective cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Article
- Development and Validation of a Predictive Nomogram for Postpartum Hemorrhage in Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Study.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Association between infant birthweight and pelvic floor muscle strength: a population-based cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Conservative Management for Retained Products of Conception in Late Pregnancy.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Midwives' experiences with aortic compression for postpartum hemorrhage: A qualitative study.European journal of midwifery · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo explore risk profiles of the different types of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH >500ml or severe PPH >1500ml) and their recurrence risks in a subsequent delivery.
methodsWith data from The Medical Birth Registry of Norway and Statistics Norway we performed a population-based cohort study including all singleton deliveries in Norway from 1967-2017. Multilevel logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (OR), with 95% confidence interval (CI), with different PPH types (PPH >500ml or PPH >1500ml (severe PPH) combined with retained placenta, uterine atony, obstetric trauma, dystocia, or undefined cause) as outcomes.
resultWe identified 277 746 PPH cases of a total of 3 003 025 births (9.3%) from 1967 to 2017. Retained placenta (and/or membranes) was most often registered as severe PPH (29.3%). Maternal, fetal, and obstetric characteristics showed different associations with the PPH types. Male sex of the neonate was associated with reduced risk of PPH. This effect was strongest on PPH due to retained placenta (adjusted OR, (aOR): 0.80, 95% CI 0.78-0.82), atony (aOR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.90-0.93) and PPH with undefined cause (aOR 0.96, 95% CI: 0.95-0.97). Previous cesarean section showed a strong association with PPH due to dystocia (aOR of 13.2, 95% CI: 12.5-13.9). Recurrence risks were highest for the same type: PPH associated with dystocia (aOR: 6.8, 95% CI: 6.3-7.4), retained placenta and/or membranes (aOR: 5.9, 95% CI: 5.5-6.4), atony (aOR: 4.0, 95% CI: 3.8-4.2), obstetric trauma (aOR: 3.9, 95% CI: 3.5-4.3) and PPH of undefined cause (aOR: 2.2, 95% CI: 2.1-2.3).
conclusionMaternal, fetal and obstetric characteristics had differential effects on types of PPH. Recurrence differed considerably between PPH types. Retained placenta was most frequently registered with severe PPH, and showed strongest effect of sex; delivery of a boy was associated with lower risk of PPH. Previous cesarean increased the risk of PPH due to dystocia.
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