ArticleSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2023
Sensitivity and Specificity of the ImPACT Neurocognitive Test in Collegiate Athletes and US Military Service Academy Cadets with ADHD and/or LD: Findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium.
Article in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prediction of Symptom Burden, Cognitive Status, and Risk of Psychological Distress in NCAA Athletes with Sport-Related Concussion(s): Findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- A Machine Learning Model for Post-Concussion Musculoskeletal Injury Risk in Collegiate Athletes.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Multifaceted concussion assessment battery: sensitivity at the expense of specificity?The Physician and sportsmedicine · 2025Article
- A Machine Learning Model for Post-Concussion Musculoskeletal Injury Risk in Collegiate Athletes.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Quantifying the Diagnostic Utility of Baseline Testing in Concussion Management: An Analysis of Collegiate Athletes From the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium Dataset.The American journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Artificial intelligence in ADHD assessment: a comprehensive review of research progress from early screening to precise differential diagnosis.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveComputer-based neurocognitive tests are widely used in sport-related concussion management, but the performance of these tests is not well understood in the participant population with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or learning disorder (LD). This research estimates the sensitivity and specificity performance of the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) computer-based neurocognitive test in identifying concussion in this population.
methodsStudy participants consisted of collegiate university athletes and military service academy cadets from the National Collegiate Athletic Association-Department of Defense CARE Consortium who completed the ImPACT test between 2014 and 2021. Participants who self-identified as belonging to one of the subgroups of interest (ADHD with or without LD [ADHD:LD+/-], LD with or without ADHD [LD:ADHD+/-], ADHD and/or LD [ADHD a/o LD]) and completed a baseline (1874 ADHD:LD+/-, 779 LD:ADHD+/-, 2338 ADHD a/o LD) or 24-48 h post-concussion (175 ADHD:LD+/-, 77 LD:ADHD+/-, 216 ADHD a/o LD) ImPACT assessment were included. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated using a normative data method and three machine learning classification methods: logistic regression, classification and regression tree, and random forest.
resultsUsing the four methods, participants with ADHD:LD+/- had sensitivities that ranged from 0.474 to 0.697, and specificities that ranged from 0.538 to 0.686. Participants with LD:ADHD+/- had sensitivities that ranged from 0.455 to 0.688, and specificities that ranged from 0.456 to 0.588. For participants with ADHD a/o LD, sensitivities ranged from 0.542 to 0.755, and specificities ranged from 0.451 to 0.724.
conclusionsFor all subgroups and analytical methods, the results illustrate sensitivity and specificity values below typically accepted levels indicative of clinical utility. These findings support that using ImPACT alone may be insufficient to inform concussion diagnoses and encourages the use of a multi-dimensional concussion assessment.
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