ArticleInternational ophthalmology2023
Influence of video display terminal use and meibomian gland dysfunction on the ocular surface and tear neuromediators.
Article in International ophthalmology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Occupational exposure to video display terminals: a systematic review of ocular and visual health effects and associated risk factors.Journal of occupational health · 2026Pooled it
- A follow-up study on visual display terminal use and dry eye disease in the Beijing Adult Dry Eye Cohort Study (ADEC).Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Associations of tear mediators with ocular surface symptoms, signs, and corneal nerve morphology in dry eye disease: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Emerging Age-Specific Therapeutic Approaches for Dry Eye Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Changes in tear cytokine and lactoferrin levels in postmenopausal women with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction complicated with obstructed meibomian gland dysfunction.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Relationship between visual display terminal working hours and headache/eyestrain in Korean wage workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey.Annals of occupational and environmental medicine · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Inflammatory Cytokines in Tears of Individuals with Dry Eye Related to Prolonged Computer Use.Journal of current ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the effects of video display terminal (VDT) work and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) on ocular surface parameters, tear cytokine and substance P (SP) levels, and their association with dry eye disease (DED).
methodsThis cross-sectional study included 60 patients with evaporative DED and 20 healthy individuals. The DED patients were divided into three groups according to daily VDT work time and presence of MGD. The ocular surface and tear film were assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire (OSDI), tear film break-up time (TBUT), ocular surface staining, Schirmer II test, and corneal sensitivity. MGD was evaluated with meibography. Corneal nerve alterations were evaluated using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). The tear levels of 30 cytokines and SP were examined.
resultsCompared to controls, DED patients had higher OSDI score (p < 0.001), increased corneal staining with fluorescein and lissamine green (p = 0.046, p = 0,038), and lower TBUT (p < 0.001). Tear interleukin-6 levels were higher in DED patients, while tear SP levels did not differ between the groups (p = 0.265). VDT work time showed a weak positive correlation with OSDI (r = 0.274, p = 0.014) and SP level (r = 0.284, p = 0.011).
conclusionThe results of this study show that VDT use and MGD have an adverse effect on the ocular surface. It was also observed that the combination of VDT use and MGD did not significantly increase the ocular surface disease, but longer VDT exposure may be associated with more complaints of ocular discomfort.
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