ArticleHistopathology2023
Lung carcinoid tumours: histology and Ki-67, the eternal rivalry.
Article in Histopathology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Atypical Behavior in a Typical Carcinoid: When Minimal Proliferation Meets Lympho-Vascular Invasion-A Case Report.Thoracic cancer · 2026Article
- Three-Tier Prognostic Stratification of Lung Carcinoids (NET G1-G2-G3) by Multivariable, Data-Driven Integration of Ki-67 and Mitotic Count.Endocrine pathology · 2026Article
- Morphology first: preserving diagnostic hierarchies in high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms across organ sites.Endocrine · 2026Article
- Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors of Lung: A Case Series Supporting the IARC/WHO Common Classification of Neuroendocrine Tumor Nomenclature and Grading.Endocrine pathology · 2026Article
- Tumor biology versus nodal stage in predicting survival after resection of pulmonary atypical carcinoids.Updates in surgery · 2026Article
- A Case of Exuberant Type 2 Pneumocyte Hyperplasia in a Young Man with Recurrent Spontaneous Pneumothorax: A Diagnostic Pitfall.Surgical case reports · 2026Article
- Phenotypic Landscape of Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Subtyped by OTP/ASCL1 Expression Correlated with Histology, Hormones and Outcome.Endocrine pathology · 2025Article
- Ki-67 expression stratifies PD-L1-high NSCLC for immune checkpoint inhibitor plus chemotherapy: a real-world biomarker validation.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Review
- Updates on Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinoids: Progress and Perspectives.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- [Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2025Article
- Review
- Development and verification of a radiomics model to forecast Ki67 index and prognosis in advanced gastric tubular adenocarcinoma.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Absence of orthopaedia homeobox protein (OTP) expression is associated with disease spread and adverse outcome in pulmonary carcinoid tumour patients.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Article
- The value of spectral CT quantitative parameters in predicting Ki-67 level in ovarian cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Case Report: Two cases of bronchiolar adenoma/ciliated muconodular papillary tumor characterized by significant basal cell hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
WHO classification of Thoracic Tumours defines lung carcinoid tumours (LCTs) as well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) classified in low grade typical (TC) and intermediate grade atypical carcinoids (AC). Limited data exist concerning protein expression and morphologic factors able to predict disease aggressiveness. Though Ki-67 has proved to be a powerful diagnostic and prognostic factor for Gastro-entero-pancreatic NENs, its role in lung NENs is still debated. A retrospective series of 370 LCT from two oncology centers was centrally reviewed. Morphology and immunohistochemical markers (Ki-67, TTF-1, CD44, OTP, SSTR-2A, Ascl1, and p53) were studied and correlated with Overall Survival (OS), Cancer-specific survival (CSS) and Disease-free survival (DFS). Carcinoid histology was confirmed in 355 patients: 297 (83.7%) TC and 58 (16.3%) AC. Ki-67 at 3% was the best value in predicting DFS. Ki-67 ≥ 3% tumours were significantly associated with AC histology, stage III-IV, smoking, vascular invasion, tumour spread through air spaces OTP negativity, and TTF-1, Ascl1 and p53 positivity. After adjustment for center and period of diagnosis, both Ki-67 (≥3 versus <3) and histology (AC versus TC) alone significantly added prognostic information to OS and CSS multivariable model with age, stage and OTP; addition of both variables did not provide further prognostic information. Conversely, an improved significance of the DFS prediction model at multivariate analysis was seen by adding Ki-67 (≥3 versus <3, P adj = 0.01) to TC and AC histological distinction, age, lymph node involvement, residual tumour and OTP. Ki-67 ≥ 3% plays a potentially pivotal role in LCT prognosis, irrespective of histological grade.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.