ArticleArthritis care & research2023
Association Between Race/Ethnicity and COVID-19 Outcomes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients From the United States: Data From the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance.
Article in Arthritis care & research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of race and ethnicity with mortality in adults with SLE: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Qualitative analysis of COVID-19 experiences with testing and vaccination among people with systemic lupus erythematosus in the USA.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Interventions to Improve COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy.Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Long-Term Mortality Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Rural Versus Urban Dwellers With Autoimmune or Inflammatory Rheumatic Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative.Arthritis care & research · 2025Article
- Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Deposition: Insights to Risks Factors and Associated Conditions.Current rheumatology reports · 2024Review
- Towards an understanding of the biopsychosocial determinants of CVD in SLE: a scoping review.Lupus science & medicine · 2024Article
- The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
33 authors at 20 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the association between race/ethnicity and COVID-19 outcomes in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
methodsIndividuals with SLE from the US with data entered into the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance registry between March 24, 2020 and August 27, 2021 were included. Variables included age, sex, race, and ethnicity (White, Black, Hispanic, other), comorbidities, disease activity, pandemic time period, glucocorticoid dose, antimalarials, and immunosuppressive drug use. The ordinal outcome categories were: not hospitalized, hospitalized with no oxygenation, hospitalized with any ventilation or oxygenation, and death. We constructed ordinal logistic regression models evaluating the relationship between race/ethnicity and COVID-19 severity, adjusting for possible confounders.
resultsWe included 523 patients; 473 (90.4%) were female and the mean ± SD age was 46.6 ± 14.0 years. A total of 358 patients (74.6%) were not hospitalized; 40 patients (8.3%) were hospitalized without oxygen, 64 patients (13.3%) were hospitalized with any oxygenation, and 18 (3.8%) died. In a multivariable model, Black (odds ratio [OR] 2.73 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.36-5.53]) and Hispanic (OR 2.76 [95% CI 1.34-5.69]) individuals had higher odds of more severe outcomes than White individuals.
conclusionBlack and Hispanic individuals with SLE experienced more severe COVID-19 outcomes, which is consistent with findings in the US general population. These results likely reflect socioeconomic and health disparities and suggest that more aggressive efforts are needed to prevent and treat infection in this population.
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Registered trials
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