Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36239185›Full record

ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2023

Dynamically Crosslinked Poly(ethylene-glycol) Hydrogels Reveal a Critical Role of Viscoelasticity in Modulating Glioblastoma Fates and Drug Responses in 3D.

Sauradeep Sinha, Manish Ayushman, Xinming Tong, Fan Yang

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Biomimetic Scaffold-Based 3D Models for Decoding Cancer Biology and Advancing Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
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  8. Hydrogel Microdroplet Based Glioblastoma Drug Screening Platform.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A · 2026
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
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  14. Article
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  17. Hydrogel microdroplet based glioblastoma drug screening platform.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sauradeep SinhaDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4613-953X
Manish AyushmanDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9290-9339
Xinming TongDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7585-3866
Fan YangDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0418-0403
Stanford University · US

Funding

Graduate Training Program in BiotechnologyT32GM008412 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI COCHRAN, JENNIFER R · 1991 to 2020
$5.5M
Microribbon scaffold-mediated Immunomodulation for Cranial Bone RepairR01DE024772 · NIDCR · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI YANG, FAN · 2015 to 2025
$4.6M
Sliding hydrogels for accelerating cartilage regenerationR01AR074502 · NIAMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI YANG, FAN · 2019 to 2023
$2.2M
Engineering Brain Cancer in a Dish: Hydrogel-based 3D in vitro Models for Pediatric Brain TumorF31CA246972 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI SINHA, SAURADEEP · 2020 to 2023
$126k
NCI NIH HHS F31 CA246972NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR074502NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE024772NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008412
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive brain tumor in adults. Hydrogels have been employed as 3D in vitro culture models to elucidate how matrix cues such as stiffness and degradation drive GBM progression and drug responses. Recently, viscoelasticity has been identified as an important niche cue in regulating stem cell differentiation and morphogenesis in 3D. Brain is a viscoelastic tissue, yet how viscoelasticity modulates GBM fate and drug response remains largely unknown. Using dynamic hydrazone crosslinking chemistry, a poly(ethylene-glycol)-based hydrogel system with brain-mimicking stiffness and tunable stress relaxation is reported to interrogate the role of viscoelasticity on GBM fates in 3D. The hydrogel design allows tuning stress relaxation without changing stiffness, biochemical ligand density, or diffusion. The results reveal that increasing stress relaxation promotes invasive GBM behavior, such as cell spreading, migration, and GBM stem-like cell marker expression. Furthermore, increasing stress relaxation enhances GBM proliferation and drug sensitivity. Stress-relaxation induced changes on GBM fates and drug response are found to be mediated through the cytoskeleton and transient receptor potential vanilloid-type 4. These results highlight the importance of incorporating viscoelasticity into 3D in vitro GBM models and provide novel insights into how viscoelasticity modulates GBM cell fates.

Indexed as

GlioblastomaBrainEthylenesGlycolsHumansHydrogelsEthylenesGlycolsHydrogels3D disease modelsdrug responsesglioblastoma multiformehydrogelsstress relaxationviscoelasticity

Identifiers

PMID36239185
PMCPMC9813196
OpenAlexW4306167580

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.