ReviewFrontiers in allergy2022
Drug-Induced Photosensitivity: Clinical Types of Phototoxicity and Photoallergy and Pathogenetic Mechanisms.
Review in Frontiers in allergy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drug induced hyperpigmentation: systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Current and emerging new approach & methodologies for skin hazard assessment.Toxicological research · 2026Review
- Recognizing pellagra with Casal's necklace: a fatal case of anorexia nervosa.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Article
- Risk of drug eruption associated with the use of tetracyclines, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones: real-world evidence from a pharmacovigilance study utilizing the FDA adverse event reporting system.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2026Article
- The cutaneous mirror: leveraging drug-induced skin phenotypes as early visual risk signals for systemic toxicity, a comprehensive review.Frontiers in drug safety and regulation · 2026Review
- Beta-lactam antibiotics under light: optical and photochemical characterization.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2026Article
- [Clinical characteristics of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-induced rash during treatment of pertussis in children].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2025Article
- DFT Structural and UV-Vis Spectral Insights into Photosensitivity of Vandetanib: A Dual EGFR/SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Inhibitor.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Persistent facial erythema in an infant.JAAD case reports · 2025Article
- Drug-Induced Phototoxicity in Vitiligo: The Role of Hydrochlorothiazide in Photosensitivity Dermatitis.Case reports in dermatological medicine · 2025Article
- Assessing the real-world safety of fenofibric acid for hyperlipidemia: results from WHO-VigiAccess and FAERS databases.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Use of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy to Inactivate Multidrug-ResistantPharmaceutics · 2024Article
- The phenomenon of phototoxicity and long-term risks of commonly prescribed and structurally diverse drugs.Journal of photochemistry and photobiology · 2024Article
- Phototoxic Reactions Inducted by Hydrochlorothiazide and Furosemide in Normal Skin Cells-In Vitro Studies on Melanocytes and Fibroblasts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Olaparib-induced pseudoporphyria in a patient with ovarian cancer.JAAD case reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Drug-induced photosensitivity (DIP) is a common cutaneous adverse drug reaction, resulting from the interaction of ultraviolet radiations, mostly ultraviolet A, with drugs. DIP includes phototoxicity and photoallergy. A phototoxic reaction is obtained when topical and systemic drugs or their metabolites absorb light inducing a direct cellular damage, while a photoallergic reaction takes place when the interaction between drugs and ultraviolet radiations causes an immune cutaneous response. Clinically, phototoxicity is immediate and appears as an exaggerated sunburn, whereas photoallergy is a delayed eczematous reaction. DIP may show several clinical subtypes. In this mini-review we report the pathogenetic mechanisms and causative drugs of DIP. We offer a detailed description of DIP clinical features in its classical and unusual subtypes, such as hyperpigmentation/dyschromia, pseudoporphyria, photo-onycolysis, eruptive teleangiectasia, pellagra-like reaction, lichenoid reaction, photodistributed erythema multiforme and subacute/chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. We described how physicians may early recognize and manage DIP, including diagnostic tests to rule out similar conditions. We made suggestions on how to improve sun exposure behaviors of patients at risk of DIP by means of an aware use of sunscreens, protective clothing and recent technologic tools. We highlighted the lack of sun safety programs addressed to patients at risk of DIP, who need a formal education about their condition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.