ReviewFrontiers in toxicology2022
Impacts of microplastics on immunity.
Review in Frontiers in toxicology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health impacts of micro- and nanoplastics in humans: systematic review of in vivo evidence.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Pooled it
- Nanoplastics and Immune Disruption: A Systematic Review of Exposure Routes, Mechanisms, and Health Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review of structural and immunological features of mollusk toll-like receptors in aquaculture context.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Microplastics and IgA nephropathy: a novel environmental hypothesis of immune dysregulation.Renal failure · 2026Review
- Dietary Microplastic Exposure in Athletes: Implications for Metabolism, Gut Health, and Performance.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Emerging role of microplastics and nanoplastics in children's health.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Nanoplastics impair antitumor NK and CD8⁺ T cell cytotoxicity and antiviral B cell antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Emerging evidence on micro- and nanoplastics carcinogenicity: mechanisms, models, and signaling networks.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Review
- Emerging mechanisms of microplastic-induced skin diseases: a perspective from the gut-skin axis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Does the use of continuous positive airway pressure devices pose a risk of microplastic exposure to the upper airway? A pilot study.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Article
- The Plastic Within: Micro- and Nanoplastics in Human Tissues and the Nutritional Context for Exposure Mitigation.Nutrition and metabolic insights · 2026Review
- Micro- and nanoplastics as environmental modifiers of neuroimmune dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- A novel non-invasive imaging technique for mapping microplastic accumulation and distribution in different organ systems of Indian major carpCurrent research in toxicology · 2026Article
- Micro- and nanoplastic exposure as an emerging risk factor for depressive-like phenotypes across species: a systematic review.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Review
- Micro- and nanoplastic exposure, immune cell activation, and lung function in young adults.Microplastics and nanoplastics · 2026Article
- Taurine attenuates polystyrene microplastic-associated oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic changes in the spleen of mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Most disposable plastic products are degraded slowly in the natural environment and continually turned to microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), posing additional environmental hazards. The toxicological assessment of MPs for marine organisms and mammals has been reported. Thus, there is an urgent need to be aware of the harm of MPs to the human immune system and more studies about immunological assessments. This review focuses on how MPs are produced and how they may interact with the environment and our body, particularly their immune responses and immunotoxicity. MPs can be taken up by cells, thus disrupting the intracellular signaling pathways, altering the immune homeostasis and finally causing damage to tissues and organs. The generation of reactive oxygen species is the mainly toxicological mechanisms after MP exposure, which may further induce the production of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and associate with the processes of toll-like receptors (TLRs) disruption, cytokine production, and inflammatory responses in immune cells. MPs effectively interact with cell membranes or intracellular proteins to form a protein-corona, and combine with external pollutants, chemicals, and pathogens to induce greater toxicity and strong adverse effects. A comprehensive research on the immunotoxicity effects and mechanisms of MPs, including various chemical compositions, shapes, sizes, combined exposure and concentrations, is worth to be studied. Therefore, it is urgently needed to further elucidate the immunological hazards and risks of humans that exposed to MPs.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.