ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Dysregulated autoantibodies targeting vaso- and immunoregulatory receptors in Post COVID Syndrome correlate with symptom severity.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Single-blinded Sham-controlled Crossover Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Immunoadsorption on Post-Corona Virus Disease (COVID)-Syndrome
Observational Study on Immunoadsorption (IA) in Patients With Autoantibody-Positive Post-Infectious Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoantibodies in COVID-19 survivors with post-COVID symptoms: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Brain-binding auto-antibodies in subjects with and without post-COVID-syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Subclinical neurovascular and immune correlates of post-COVID-19 syndrome detected by retinal imaging.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Autoantibodies targeting G protein-coupled receptors and clinical outcome after ischemic stroke (PROSCIS-B).Journal of neurology · 2026Observational
- Article
- Immunoadsorption Versus Sham Treatment for Post-COVID Syndrome: A Randomised Sham-Controlled Crossover Trial.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Wearable Heart Rate Variability Monitoring, Autonomic Dysfunction and Post-exertional Malaise in Long COVID: An Observational Study.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Persistent prostaglandin E2 upregulation and hormonal multi-resistance: A hypothesis for long COVID.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Tissue-specific autoantibody signatures reveal immune alterations undetected by routine serology in long COVID.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Article
- Reframing ME/CFS: toward a unified mechanistic model of chronic post-infectious diseases.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Imbalance of Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurotransmitter Systems in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Current status and future perspectives on the mechanistic and pathophysiological understanding of long COVID.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Autoimmune Features of Post-COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome and Their Impacts on the Renin-Angiotensin System.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Review
- Immunoglobulin G complexes from post-infectious ME/CFS, including post-COVID ME/CFS disrupt cellular energetics and alter inflammatory marker secretion.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and impact of long COVID: pathophysiology, neuropsychiatric effects and vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Association of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors autoantibodies with vasoregulation in Post-COVID.PloS one · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence and systems biology analysis in stem cell research and therapeutics development.Stem cells translational medicine · 2025Review
- Neuroimmune pathophysiology of long COVID.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
27 authors at 11 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Most patients with Post COVID Syndrome (PCS) present with a plethora of symptoms without clear evidence of organ dysfunction. A subset of them fulfills diagnostic criteria of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Symptom severity of ME/CFS correlates with natural regulatory autoantibody (AAB) levels targeting several G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). In this exploratory study, we analyzed serum AAB levels against vaso- and immunoregulatory receptors, mostly GPCRs, in 80 PCS patients following mild-to-moderate COVID-19, with 40 of them fulfilling diagnostic criteria of ME/CFS. Healthy seronegative (n=38) and asymptomatic post COVID-19 controls (n=40) were also included in the study as control groups. We found lower levels for various AABs in PCS compared to at least one control group, accompanied by alterations in the correlations among AABs. Classification using random forest indicated AABs targeting ADRB2, STAB1, and ADRA2A as the strongest classifiers (AABs stratifying patients according to disease outcomes) of post COVID-19 outcomes. Several AABs correlated with symptom severity in PCS groups. Remarkably, severity of fatigue and vasomotor symptoms were associated with ADRB2 AAB levels in PCS/ME/CFS patients. Our study identified dysregulation of AAB against various receptors involved in the autonomous nervous system (ANS), vaso-, and immunoregulation and their correlation with symptom severity, pointing to their role in the pathogenesis of PCS.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.