ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Mechanism and strategies of immunotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in MSI-H/dMMR Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review of Prospective Trials Evaluating Efficacy, Pathologic Response, and Surgical Outcomes.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in advanced colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Pooled it
- Prognostic significance of HLA-G in patients with colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis.BMC cancer · 2023Pooled it
- Engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles delivering miR-124 suppress colorectal cancer progression through EZH2 downregulation and attenuation of STAT3 signaling.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and advances of drug resistance in colorectal cancer: A systematic overview of multi-layered regulatory networks.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer: therapeutic strategies and biomarker-guided approaches.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance in dMMR high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia with lynch syndrome-associated colon cancer: a case report.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Colorectal Cancer-Redox-Immune Crosstalk, Biomarkers, and Translational Implications: A Qualitative Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cathepsin-D-mediated MHC class I degradation contributes to immune evasion in colorectal cancer.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- APX3330 reverses the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment during colorectal carcinogenesis.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- Cancer Immunomodulatory Effect ofCells · 2026Article
- The gut microbiome in colorectal cancer: mechanisms of carcinogenesis and emerging microbiota-targeted therapies.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals regulatory programs associated with tumor resistance during immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- GPR39 Suppresses Ferroptosis via the Nrf2/SLC7A11 Axis and Reduces the Sensitivity of Colorectal Cancer to Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy.Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Article
- A comprehensive review of mechanisms underlying resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Prediction of Prostate Adenocarcinoma Recurrence Prognosis and Immune Status Through 6-Acetoxy-Anopterine Resistance-Associated Programmed Cell Death Genes.Cancer management and research · 2026Article
- Understanding the Tumor Microenvironmental Mechanisms Driving Immunotherapy Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Identification of VVD-214/RO7589831, a Clinical-Stage, Covalent Allosteric Inhibitor of WRN Helicase for the Treatment of MSI-High Cancers.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Review
- Tumor-associated microbiota: Multi-cancer landscape, mechanistic insights and clinical translation (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. Although there are standard treatment options for CRC, most patients respond poorly to these treatments. Immunotherapies have gradually emerged due to the increasing awareness and understanding of tumor immunity, exhibiting good therapeutic efficacy in various cancers. Immunotherapies include cytokines, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and adoptive cell therapies. In particular, ICIs, which are antibodies against cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), or its ligand PD-L1, have been successfully applied clinically for solid tumors, relieving the inhibitory effect of the tumor microenvironment on T cells. However, only a minority of patients with cancer achieve a durable clinical response during immunotherapy. Several factors restrict the efficacy of immunotherapy, leading to the development of drug resistance. In this review, we aimed to discuss the current status of immunotherapy for CRC and elaborate on the mechanisms that mediate resistance to immunotherapy and other potential therapeutic strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.