ArticleFrontiers in psychology2022
Cognitive process underlying ultimatum game: An eye-tracking study from a dual-system perspective.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Contextual effects of monetary incentives on acceptance of unfair offers in the ultimatum game.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Characterizing Ultimatum Game responders: a scoping review of factors that influence decision-making through an evolutionary lens.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- Warmth Centrality in Social Cognitive Networks of Fairness Reputation Across Players in the Ultimatum and Dictator Games.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Integrating the dual-system theory in motor: dynamic framework construction for motor decision-making.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Time pressure effects on decision-making in intertemporal loss scenarios: an eye-tracking study.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
According to the dual-system theories, the decisions in an ultimatum game (UG) are governed by the automatic System 1 and the controlled System 2. The former drives the preference for fairness, whereas the latter drives the self-interest motive. However, the association between the contributions of the two systems in UG and the cognitive process needs more direct evidence. In the present study, we used the process dissociation procedure to estimate the contributions of the two systems and recorded participants eye movements to examine the cognitive processes underlying UG decisions. Results showed that the estimated contributions of the two systems are uncorrelated and that they demonstrate a dissociated pattern of associations with third variables, such as reaction time (RT) and mean fixation duration (MFD). Furthermore, the relative time advantage (RTA) and the transitions between the two payoffs can predict the final UG decisions. Our findings provide evidence for the independent contributions of preference for fairness (System 1) and self-interest maximizing (System 2) inclinations to UG and shed light on the underlying processes.
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