Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36236095›Full record

ArticlePolymers2022

Hydrophobicity and Biodegradability of Silane-Treated Nanocellulose in Biopolymer for High-Grade Packaging Applications.

Indra Surya, C M Hazwan, H P S Abdul Khalil, Esam Bashir Yahya, A B Suriani, Mohammed Danish, Azmi Mohamed

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Biomimetic Design of Biopolymer-Based Water-Resistant Food Packaging Materials.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026
    Review
  2. Nanocellulose-Based Films for Surface Protection of Wooden Artefacts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Indra SuryaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia.
C M HazwanBioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0003-1076-7179
H P S Abdul KhalilBioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0003-2403-809X
Esam Bashir YahyaBioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-1599-1754
A B SurianiNanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim 35900, Perak, Malaysia.
Mohammed DanishBioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
Azmi MohamedNanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim 35900, Perak, Malaysia.

Funding

Ministry of Higher Education FRGS-MRSA 203.PTEKIND.6711837
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The growing concern about pollution produced by plastic waste and the consequent environmental dangers has led to increased interest in replacing plastics with sustainable and biodegradable alternatives. Biopolymers such as seaweed have been examined for their film-forming characteristics to make edible films for packaging applications. This study aimed to prepare biopolymeric packaging films through a solvent-casting process using natural red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) and kenaf cellulose nanofiber (CNF), followed by film surface treatment using silane. The hydrophobic properties of the seaweed/CNF biopolymer were examined through water solubility (WS), moisture absorption capacity (MAC), water vapor permeability (WVP), and contact angle (CA) measurements. Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) film spectra clearly showed successful modification of the seaweed film (SF) by silane and the incorporation of kenaf CNF over the surface of the seaweed film. The wettability-related analysis showed positive results in determining the modified film's hydrophobicity properties. Film degradation analysis using the soil burial method showed a lower degradation rate for films with a higher CNF loading. Overall, the characterization results of the seaweed/CNF biopolymer film predicted hydrophobicity properties. The slow degradation rate was improved with surface modification using silane treatment and the incorporation of kenaf CNF filler with the seaweed matrix. As a result, we found that the seaweed/CNF biopolymer film could be used as high-grade packaging material in many potential applications.

Indexed as

biopolymer filmedible filmhigh-grade packagingkenaf cellulose nanofiberseaweedsilane surface treatment

Identifiers

PMID36236095
PMCPMC9573656

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.