ReviewNutrients2022
Thyroidal and Extrathyroidal Requirements for Iodine and Selenium: A Combined Evolutionary and (Patho)Physiological Approach.
Review in Nutrients, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Detection of preoperative serum trace elements in thyroid tumors.Gland surgery · 2026Article
- Iodine deficiency in the first pregnancy trimester and intelligence in adolescence.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Effects of dietary supplementation with selenium in organic form and iodine in dairy goats and their transfer to milk and dairy products.Veterinary and animal science · 2025Article
- Mitochondria at the Crossroads: Linking the Mediterranean Diet to Metabolic Health and Non-Pharmacological Approaches to NAFLD.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Integrating molecular mechanisms and agronomic strategies for selenium biofortification in horticultural crops.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Review
- Green strength: The role of micronutrients in plant-based diets for athletic performance enhancement.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Combined Supplementation of Two Selenium Forms (Organic and Inorganic) and Iodine in Dairy Cows' Diet to Obtain Enriched Milk, Cheese, and Yogurt.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Iodate reduction by marine aerobic bacteria.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- The Recommendation of the Mediterranean-styled Japanese Diet for Healthy Longevity.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2024Review
- Selenium, Iodine and Iron-Essential Trace Elements for Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Metabolism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Iodate respiration byFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Selenium and thyroid diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Iodide is an antioxidant, oxidant and thyroid hormone constituent. Selenoproteins are needed for triiodothyronine synthesis, its deactivation and iodine release. They also protect thyroidal and extrathyroidal tissues from hydrogen peroxide used in the 'peroxidase partner system'. This system produces thyroid hormone and reactive iodine in exocrine glands to kill microbes. Exocrine glands recycle iodine and with high urinary clearance require constant dietary supply, unlike the thyroid. Disbalanced iodine-selenium explains relations between thyroid autoimmune disease (TAD) and cancer of thyroid and exocrine organs, notably stomach, breast, and prostate. Seafood is iodine unconstrained, but selenium constrained. Terrestrial food contains little iodine while selenium ranges from highly deficient to highly toxic. Iodine vs. TAD is U-shaped, but only low selenium relates to TAD. Oxidative stress from low selenium, and infection from disbalanced iodine-selenium, may generate cancer of thyroid and exocrine glands. Traditional Japanese diet resembles our ancient seashore-based diet and relates to aforementioned diseases. Adequate iodine might be in the milligram range but is toxic at low selenium. Optimal selenoprotein-P at 105 µg selenium/day agrees with Japanese intakes. Selenium upper limit may remain at 300-400 µg/day. Seafood combines iodine, selenium and other critical nutrients. It brings us back to the seashore diet that made us what we currently still are.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.