ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Steroid Resistance Associated with High MIF and P-gp Serum Levels in SLE Patients.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: Exploring physiological roles and comparing health benefits against oncogenic and autoimmune risks (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Study on the influencing factors of the first-line treatment response to primary immune thrombocytopenia in children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- How artificial intelligence can enable personalized mesenchymal stem cell-based therapeutic strategies in systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Targeting of oxidized Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (oxMIF) with antibody ON104 attenuates the severity of glomerulonephritis.PloS one · 2024Article
- Glucocorticoids, their uses, sexual dimorphisms, and diseases: new concepts, mechanisms, and discoveries.Physiological reviews · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Approximately 30% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) present steroid resistance (SR). Macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) could be related to SR. This work aims to evaluate the relationship between MIF and P-pg serum levels in SR in SLE. Methods: Case−control study including 188 SLE patients who were divided into two groups (90 in the steroid-resistant group and 98 in the steroid-sensitive (SS) group) and 35 healthy controls. MIF and P-gp serum levels were determined by ELISA. Multivariable logistic regression and chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) were used to explore risk factors for SR. Results: The steroid-resistant group presented higher MIF and P-gp serum levels in comparison with the SS (p < 0.001) and reference (p < 0.001) groups. MIF correlated positively with P-gp (rho = 0.41, p < 0.001). MIF (≥15.75 ng/mL) and P-gp (≥15.22 ng/mL) were a risk factor for SR (OR = 2.29, OR = 5.27). CHAID identified high P-gp as the main risk factor for SR and high MIF as the second risk factor in those patients with low P-gp. Conclusions: An association between MIF and P-gp serum levels was observed in SR. CHAID identified P-gp ≥ 15.22 ng/mL as the main risk factor for SR. More studies are needed to validate these results.
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