ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2022
Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices Infection Assessment, Diagnosis and Management: A Review of the Literature.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Artificial Intelligence in the Heart of Medicine: A Systematic Approach to Transforming Arrhythmia Care with Intelligent Systems.Current cardiology reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Axillary microaxial flow pump support for stepwise source control and bridge to durable left ventricular assist device therapy in cardiac device-related infective endocarditis.Journal of artificial organs : the official journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs · 2026Article
- Beyond the Pocket: Clinical, Routine Biomarker, and Microbiological Associations with Systemic Versus Localized Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infection.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Device Infection: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review.Cureus · 2026Article
- Changing Patterns in Infective Endocarditis: A Contemporary Epidemiological Perspective.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Echocardiographic evaluation and clinical implications of cardiac remodeling in obesity.Journal of echocardiography · 2026Review
- Percutaneous Vegetation Debulking Without Lead Extraction in Enterococcal Endocarditis Related to Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device.JACC. Case reports · 2025Article
- Observational
- Article
- New Diseases Related to Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs): An Overview.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Prevention and Clinical Features of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device (CIED) Infections.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2025Review
- Cardiac implantable electronic devices and bloodstream infections: management and outcomes.European heart journal · 2024Article
- Article
- Prevention of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections: A Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Low Occurrence of Infections and Death in a Real-World Cohort of Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Strategies for surface coatings of implantable cardiac medical devices.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The use of increasingly complex cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) has increased exponentially in recent years. One of the most serious complications in terms of mortality, morbidity and financial burden is represented by infections involving these devices. They may affect only the generator pocket or be generalised with lead-related endocarditis. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors have been identified and they can be associated with patient or procedure characteristics or with the type of CIED. Pocket and systemic infections require a precise evaluation and a specialised treatment which in most cases involves the removal of all the components of the device and a personalised antimicrobial therapy. CIED retention is usually limited to cases where infection is unlikely or is limited to the skin incision site. Optimal re-implantation timing depends on the type of infection and on the results of microbiological tests. Preventive strategies, in the end, include antibiotic prophylaxis before CIED implantation, the possibility to use antibacterial envelopes and the prevention of hematomas. The aim of this review is to investigate the pathogenesis, stratification, diagnostic tools and management of CIED infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.