ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2022
Fixed Orthodontic Treatment Increases Cariogenicity and Virulence Gene Expression in Dental Biofilm.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effectiveness of water jet flossing and interdental flossing for oral hygiene in orthodontic patients with fixed appliances: a randomized clinical trial.BMC oral health · 2024Trial
- Microbiological Investigation and Clinical Efficacy of Professional Topical Fluoride Application onMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Bacterial Colonization of Orthodontic Devices (Molar Bands, Nance Buttons, and Acrylic Plates) and Its Impact on the Marginal Periodontium and Palatal Fibromucosa in Teenagers: A Cross-Sectional Clinical-Microbiological Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Influence of Bioactive Glass Incorporation in Resin Adhesives of Orthodontic Brackets on Adhesion Properties and Calcium Release.Polymers · 2025Article
- Adjunctive therapies in orthodontics: a scoping systematic review.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Perception of Dental Caries Risk and Preventive Strategies Among Orthodontic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Cureus · 2025Article
- Article
- Molecular Docking and Experimental Analysis of Essential Oil-Based Preparations on Biofilm Formation on Orthodontic Archwires.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Quantitative Determination of Salivary Cariogenic Bacteria in Patients With Fixed Orthodontic Appliances.Cureus · 2024Article
- Assessment of Motivations, Treatment Risks, and Oral Health in Adults with Fixed Orthodontic Care: A Cross-Sectional Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Impact of Orthodontic Treatment on the Incidence of Dental Caries in Adolescents: A Prospective Cohort Study.Cureus · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of a Combined Toothbrushing Technique on Cariogenic Dental Biofilm in Relation to Stainless Steel and Elastomeric Ligatures in Orthodontic Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Dental caries commonly occurs during orthodontic treatment because fixed appliances can impede effective oral hygiene practices. This study investigated the effects of fixed orthodontic treatment on dental biofilm maturity and virulence gene (gtfB, ldh, brpA, spaP, luxS, and gbpB) expression. Methods: Dental biofilms and virulence gene expression were determined in 24 orthodontic patients before and after treatment of ≥6 months. A three-tone disclosing gel was used to stain dental biofilm and assess its maturity by its color change—pink (new dental biofilm), purple (mature dental biofilm), and light blue (cariogenic dental biofilm). Gene expression levels were determined using real-time PCR. Results: After fixed orthodontic appliance insertion, the percentage of new dental biofilm decreased, whereas that of cariogenic dental biofilm significantly increased (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentage of mature dental biofilm (p > 0.05). Fixed orthodontic appliances increased gtfB, ldh, brpA, and gbpB gene expression above 1.5-fold in dental biofilm. In contrast, there was no change in spaP or luxS gene expression after treatment. Conclusions: Fixed orthodontic appliance insertion induced ecological changes and cariogenic virulence gene expression in dental biofilm.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.