ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Potential Protective Mechanisms of S-equol, a Metabolite of Soy Isoflavone by the Gut Microbiome, on Cognitive Decline and Dementia.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05741060 (Arterial Stiffness, Cognition and Equol), which is not on this map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Arterial Stiffness, Cognition and Equol
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- How Polyphenol Metabolites Spatiotemporally Reprogram Transcription Factors and Human Proteostasis: A Metabolite-Centric Framework.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Biological activities and therapeutic potential of soy isoflavones: a focus on anticancer activity.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Can the Posterior Segment Findings of the Eye and Serum Microbiota Metabolites Be a Biomarker in Schizophrenia?Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- S-equol producing bacteria: isolation and identification from Albino Wistar rat gut microbiota.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- A Whole-Cell Catalytic System for Equol Production Based on Daidzein Reductase Engineering.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Stability of equol production capability is associated with the diversity of the gut microbiota of the host: a prospective cohort study.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- S-Equol Alleviates Palmitic Acid-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Modulating the ERβ-AMPK-Autophagy Axis in L6 Cells.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2026Article
- Biological Activities, Health Benefits and Synthesis of Equol and Its Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Neuroprotective effects of isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves (Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Harnessing Dietary Tryptophan: Bridging the Gap Between Neurobiology and Psychiatry in Depression Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Bidirectional Communication of Estrogen in Gut-Brain Axis: Evidence from Preclinical and Clinical Studies.Current drug targets · 2026Review
- Association of Urinary Equol Concentration with Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Itabashi Longitudinal Study on Aging.Clinical interventions in aging · 2026Article
- The Gut-Brain Axis in Alzheimer's: From Microbiota Genetics to Stigmasterol's Neuroprotection Mechanism.Degenerative neurological and neuromuscular disease · 2026Article
- Association of lifestyle and dietary preferences with precancerous serrated polyps: a hospital-based case-control study in Guangzhou, China.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Glycitin in Soy Beans: A Mine of Their Structures, Functions, and Potential Applications.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Bioactives for Estrogen-Deficient Skin: Topical and Oral Supplement Clinical Studies. A Narrative Review.Dermatology and therapy · 2025Review
- Exercise, Diet, and Brain Health: From the Perspective of Gut Microbiota Regulation.Nutrients · 2025Review
- [A Prospective Cohort Study on Soy Product Intake and the Risk of Lung Cancer Based on Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2025Article
- Exploring the anti-aging potential of phytoestrogens: focus on molecular mechanisms and menopausal symptom modulation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Elucidating molecular pathogenesis and developing targeted therapeutic interventions for cerebrovascular endothelial cell-mediated vascular dementia.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
S-equol, a metabolite of soy isoflavone daidzein transformed by the gut microbiome, is the most biologically potent among all soy isoflavones and their metabolites. Soy isoflavones are phytoestrogens and exert their actions through estrogen receptor-β. Epidemiological studies in East Asia, where soy isoflavones are regularly consumed, show that dietary isoflavone intake is inversely associated with cognitive decline and dementia; however, randomized controlled trials of soy isoflavones in Western countries did not generally show their cognitive benefit. The discrepant results may be attributed to S-equol production capability; after consuming soy isoflavones, 40-70% of East Asians produce S-equol, whereas 20-30% of Westerners do. Recent observational and clinical studies in Japan show that S-equol but not soy isoflavones is inversely associated with multiple vascular pathologies, contributing to cognitive impairment and dementia, including arterial stiffness and white matter lesion volume. S-equol has better permeability to the blood-brain barrier than soy isoflavones, although their affinity to estrogen receptor-β is similar. S-equol is also the most potent antioxidant among all known soy isoflavones. Although S-equol is available as a dietary supplement, no long-term trials in humans have examined the effect of S-equol supplementation on arterial stiffness, cerebrovascular disease, cognitive decline, or dementia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.