ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Crotalphine Modulates Microglia M1/M2 Phenotypes and Induces Spinal Analgesia Mediated by Opioid-Cannabinoid Systems.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microglia Polarization: A Key Regulatory Mechanism of Neuropathic Pain.Journal of pain research · 2026Review
- Distinct contributions of mu opioid and CB2 cannabinoid receptors to neuroimmune and behavioral responses.Advances in drug and alcohol research · 2026Article
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation alleviates neuropathic pain via microglial polarization by modulating the METTL3/NMDAR2B/NLRP3 pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Cocaine-Induced Microglial Impairment and Its Rehabilitation by PLX-PAD Cell Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- TLR2/NF-κB signaling in macrophage/microglia mediated COVID-pain induced by SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein.iScience · 2024Article
- Electroacupuncture Alleviates Pain by Suppressing P2Y12R-Dependent Microglial Activation in Monoarthritic Rats.Neurochemical research · 2024Article
- Temporal changes of spinal microglia in murine models of neuropathic pain: a scoping review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Microglia polarization in nociplastic pain: mechanisms and perspectives.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pain is a worldwide public health problem and its treatment is still a challenge since clinically available drugs do not completely reverse chronic painful states or induce undesirable effects. Crotalphine is a 14 amino acids synthetic peptide that induces a potent and long-lasting analgesic effect on acute and chronic pain models, peripherally mediated by the endogenous release of dynorphin A and the desensitization of the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) receptor. However, the effects of crotalphine on the central nervous system (CNS) and the signaling pathway have not been investigated. Thus, the central effect of crotalphine was evaluated on the partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL)-induced chronic neuropathic pain model. Crotalphine (100 µg/kg, p.o.)-induced analgesia on the 14th day after surgery lasting up to 24 h after administration. This effect was prevented by intrathecal administration of CB1 (AM251) or CB2 (AM630) cannabinoid receptor antagonists. Besides that, crotalphine-induced analgesia was reversed by CTOP, nor-BNI, and naltrindole, antagonists of
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.