SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
A Systematic Review of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene for Urban Poor in Low- and Middle-Income Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic through a Gendered Lens.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of water, sanitation, and hygiene practices in developing countries: exploring the effects on public health.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Gender dimensions of health-related challenges among urban poor during COVID-19 pandemic in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review and gap analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Women's lived experiences of the built environment and maternal psychosocial well-being in urban slums and slum rehabilitation colonies: a qualitative study in Bhopal, India.Global health action · 2026Article
- Multi-Stakeholders' Perspective on Enhancing Health Literacy for Effective Management of Tuberculosis-Multimorbidity in Odisha, India.Patient preference and adherence · 2025Article
- Exploring barriers to social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe: a qualitative study.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- The global disease burden attributable to unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing with unqualified facilities from 1990 to 2019.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Exploring the water, sanitation and hygiene status and health outcomes in Zimbabwe: a scoping review protocol.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Barriers to and facilitators of populational adherence to prevention and control measures of COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases: a qualitative evidence synthesis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Review
- Who are the vulnerable, and how do we reach them? Perspectives of health system actors and community leaders in Kerala, India.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Experiences of aftermath of COVID-19 in relation to social, financial and health related aspects among previously hospitalized patients: a qualitative exploration.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) among urban poor women is a major urban policy concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). There was a paucity of systematic information on WASH among the urban poor during the pandemic. We reviewed the opportunities and challenges faced by the urban poor in LMICs during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used the PRISMA guidelines to conduct a comprehensive search of 11 databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL, between November 2019 and August 2021. We used thematic analysis to synthesize the qualitative data and meta-analyses to estimate the pooled prevalence. We screened 5008 records, conducted a full-text review of 153 studies, and included 38 studies. The pooled prevalence of shared water points was 0.71 (95% CI 0.37-0.97), non-adherence to hygiene practices was 0.15 (95% CI 0.08-0.24), non-adherence to face masks was 0.27 (95% CI 0.0-0.81), and access to shared community toilets was 0.59 (95% CI 0.11-1.00). Insufficient facilities caused crowding and long waiting times at shared facilities, making physical distancing challenging. Women reported difficulty in maintaining privacy for sanitation, as men were present due to the stay-at-home rule. Due to unaffordability, women reported using cloth instead of sanitary pads and scarves instead of masks.
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Registered trials
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