ArticleCells2022
Effects of Endochondral and Intramembranous Ossification Pathways on Bone Tissue Formation and Vascularization in Human Tissue-Engineered Grafts.
Article in Cells, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Review
- Recapitulating Endochondral Ossification for Bone Repair: From Development to Engineering Strategy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Meckel's cartilage midsegment: spatiotemporal dynamics and osteogenic role in mice.Cell and tissue research · 2026Article
- Engineered and decellularized human cartilage graft exhibits intrinsic immunosuppressive properties and full skeletal repair capacity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Cartilage-SpecificBiomedicines · 2025Article
- Addressing the challenges of infectious bone defects: a review of recent advances in bifunctional biomaterials.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Treatment of Bone Defects and Nonunion via Novel Delivery Mechanisms, Growth Factors, and Stem Cells: A Review.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2024Review
- Role of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Bone Regeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Curcumin-loaded scaffolds in bone regeneration.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Stem Cells and Bone Tissue Engineering.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Towards Polycaprolactone-Based Scaffolds for Alveolar Bone Tissue Engineering: A Biomimetic Approach in a 3D Printing Technique.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Role of Gli1Biomolecules · 2023Review
- The Role of HIF-1α in Bone Regeneration: A New Direction and Challenge in Bone Tissue Engineering.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- DLP-printed GelMA-PMAA scaffold for bone regeneration through endochondral ossification.International journal of bioprinting · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bone grafts can be engineered by differentiating human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) via the endochondral and intramembranous ossification pathways. We evaluated the effects of each pathway on the properties of engineered bone grafts and their capacity to drive bone regeneration. Bone-marrow-derived MSCs were differentiated on silk scaffolds into either hypertrophic chondrocytes (hyper) or osteoblasts (osteo) over 5 weeks of in vitro cultivation, and were implanted subcutaneously for 12 weeks. The pathways' constructs were evaluated over time with respect to gene expression, composition, histomorphology, microstructure, vascularization and biomechanics. Hypertrophic chondrocytes expressed higher levels of osteogenic genes and deposited significantly more bone mineral and proteins than the osteoblasts. Before implantation, the mineral in the hyper group was less mature than that in the osteo group. Following 12 weeks of implantation, the hyper group had increased mineral density but a similar overall mineral composition compared with the osteo group. The hyper group also displayed significantly more blood vessel infiltration than the osteo group. Both groups contained M2 macrophages, indicating bone regeneration. These data suggest that, similar to the body's repair processes, endochondral pathway might be more advantageous when regenerating large defects, whereas intramembranous ossification could be utilized to guide the tissue formation pattern with a scaffold architecture.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.