ReviewCancers2022
Molecular Mechanisms Driving the Formation of Brain Metastases.
Review in Cancers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- A phase II study of atezolizumab in combination with stereotactic radiation for patients with triple-negative breast cancer and brain metastasis.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2026Trial
- Special Issue "Invasion and Metastasis in Brain Cancer".International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Solitary Brain Metastasis From Hepatocellular Carcinoma Masquerading as Acute Ischaemic Stroke: Radiological Diagnosis and Clinical Implications.Case reports in radiology · 2026Article
- The epigenetic landscape of brain metastasis.Oncogene · 2025Review
- Clinical and molecular characteristics of patients with brain metastasis secondary to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Brain microenvironment orchestrates highly aggressive tumor variants: current trends and therapeutic approaches.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- Brain Metastases as Inaugural Sign of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Case Series and Review of Literature.Cancers · 2024Article
- Characteristics of Long-Term Survivors With EGFR-Mutant Metastatic NSCLC.JTO clinical and research reports · 2024Article
- From pre-clinical to translational brain metastasis research: current challenges and emerging opportunities.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2024Review
- Immunogenomics and spatial proteomic mapping highlight distinct neuro-immune architectures in melanoma vs. non-melanoma-derived brain metastasis.BJC reports · 2024Article
- The role of microRNAs in brain metastasis.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Review
- Establishment and Comprehensive Characterization of a Novel Preclinical Platform of Metastatic Retinoblastoma for Therapeutic Developments.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Review
- Review
- Brain metastasis screening in the molecular age.Neuro-oncology advancesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Targeted therapies for cancers have improved primary tumor response rates, but concomitantly, brain metastases (BM) have become the most common brain tumors in adults and are associated with a dismal prognosis of generally less than 6 months, irrespective of the primary cancer type. They most commonly occur in patients with primary breast, lung, or melanoma histologies; however, they also appear in patients with other primary cancers including, but not limited to, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. Historically, molecular biomarkers have normally been identified from primary tumor resections. However, clinically informative genomic alterations can occur during BM development and these potentially actionable alterations are not always detected in the primary tumor leading to missed opportunities for effective targeted therapy. The molecular mechanisms that facilitate and drive metastasis to the brain are poorly understood. Identifying the differences between the brain and other extracranial sties of metastasis, and between primary tumors and BM, is essential to improving our understanding of BM development and ultimately patient management and survival. In this review, we present the current data on the genomic landscape of BM from various primary cancers which metastasize to the brain and outline potential mechanisms which may play a role in promoting the formation of the distant metastases in the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.