Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36229140›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2022

The development of children born to young mothers with no, first- or second-generation HIV acquisition in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa: a cross-sectional study.

Lorraine Sherr, Katharina Haag, Kathryn J Steventon Roberts, Lucie Dale Cluver, Camille Wittesaele, Bongiwe Saliwe, Janke Tolmay, Nontokozo Langwenya, Janina Jochim, Wylene Saal and 4 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact, top 74% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 0 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

Lorraine SherrInstitute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK l.sherr@ucl.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-5902-8011
Katharina HaagNorwegian Institute for Public Health, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0001-5358-7894
Kathryn J Steventon RobertsInstitute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
Lucie Dale CluverDepartment of Social Policy & Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Camille WittesaeleDepartment of Social Policy & Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Bongiwe SaliweCentre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa.
Janke TolmayCentre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa.
Nontokozo LangwenyaDepartment of Social Policy & Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Janina JochimDepartment of Social Policy & Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Wylene SaalSchool of Humanities, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberly, South Africa.
Siyanai ZhouCentre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa.
Marguerite MarlowInstitute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa.
Jenny J Chen-CharlesDepartment of Social Policy & Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5040-0905
Elona ToskaDepartment of Social Policy & Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3800-3173
Oxford Policy Management · GBUniversity of Cape Town · ZANorwegian Institute of Public Health · NOSol Plaatje University · ZAStellenbosch University · ZAUniversity College London · GB

Funding

Undetectable and Untransmittable: reducing HIV transmission among young women living with HIV, their partners and children in South AfricaK43TW011434 · FIC · UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN · PI TOSKA, ELONA · 2019 to 2023
$720k
Department of HealthFIC NIH HHS K43 TW011434Medical Research Council MR/R022372/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe intergenerational effects of HIV require long-term investigation. We compared developmental outcomes of different generations impacted by HIV-children of mothers not living with HIV, the 'second generation' (ie, with recently infected mothers) and the 'third generation' (ie, children of perinatally infected mothers).

methodsA cross-sectional community sample of N=1015 young mothers (12-25 years) and their first children (2-68 months, 48.2% female), from South Africa's Eastern Cape Province. 71.3% (n=724) of children were born to mothers not living with HIV; 2.7% (n=27; 1 living with HIV) were third-generation and 26.0% (n=264; 11 living with HIV) second-generation children. Child scores on the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL), the WHO Ten Questions Screen for Disability and maternal demographics were compared between groups using χ

resultsSecond-generation children performed poorer on gross (M=47.0, SD=13.1) and fine motor functioning (M=41.4, SD=15.2) and the MSEL composite score (M=90.6, SD=23.0) than children with non-infected mothers (gross motor: M=50.4, SD=12.3; fine motor: M=44.4, SD=14.1; composite score: M=94.1, SD=20.7). The third generation performed at similar levels to non-exposed children (gross motor: M=52.4, SD=16.1; fine motor: M=44.3, SD=16.1, composite score: M=94.7, SD=22.2), though analyses were underpowered for definite conclusions. Hierarchical regression analyses suggest marginal predictive effects of being second-generation child compared with having a mother not living with HIV (B=-3.3, 95% CI=-6.8 to 0 .1) on MSEL total scores, and non-significant predictive effects of being a third-generation child (B=1.1, 5% CI=-7.5 to 9.7) when controlling for covariates. No group differences were found for disability rates (26.9% third generation, 27.7% second generation, 26.2% non-exposed; χ

conclusionRecently infected mothers and their children may struggle due to the disruptiveness of new HIV diagnoses and incomplete access to care/support during pregnancy and early motherhood. Long-standing familial HIV infection may facilitate care pathways and coping, explaining similar cognitive development among not exposed and third-generation children. Targeted intervention and fast-tracking into services may improve maternal mental health and socioeconomic support.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsMothersCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMental HealthPregnancySouth AfricaCommunity child healthDevelopmental neurology & neurodisabilityEPIDEMIOLOGYHealth policyHIV & AIDS

Identifiers

PMID36229140
PMCPMC9562751
OpenAlexW4304974373

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.