ArticleEpidemiology and health2022
The risk of gastric cancer according to changes in smoking status among Korean men.
Article in Epidemiology and health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gastroesophageal disease risk and inhalational exposure a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Improved hypopharyngeal visibility and early cancer detection using the modified Killian method during esophagogastroduodenoscopy in patients at high risk of head and neck cancer.Esophagus : official journal of the Japan Esophageal Society · 2026Article
- Associations of bilirubin, albumin, and the ALBI index with gastric cancer risk: a smoking-stratified prospective cohort study in men.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- ATR-CHK1 Axis Inhibitors in Gastric Cancer Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Impact of smoking and opium cessation on gastrointestinal cancer risk: A 15-year longitudinal study in Golestan Cohort.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Current Understanding of Optimal Prevention of Helicobacter pylori-Induced Cancer.Gastroenterology clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Lifestyle Behaviors in Patients With Gastric Cancer: Continuous Need for Alcohol Abstinence and Muscle Strength Training Education.Journal of gastric cancer · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesSmoking is a risk factor for gastric cancer. Studies have shown that the risk of gastric cancer can vary by smoking status and smoking amount at a single point in time. However, few data have been reported about the effect of changes in smoking status over time on the risk of gastric cancer.
methodsThis study collected data from the National Health Insurance Corporation in Korea on 97,700 Korean men without gastric cancer who underwent health check-ups from 2002 to 2013. The smoking status (never smoked, quit smoking, and currently smoking) of study participants was assessed in 2003-2004 and 2009, and the results were categorized into 7 groups: never-never, never-quit, never-current, quit-quit, quit-current, current-quit, and current-current. Participants were followed until 2013 to identify incident gastric cancer. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident gastric cancer according to changes in smoking status and smoking amount (pack-years).
resultsCompared with group 1 (never-never), participants currently smoking in 2009 (never-current, quit-current, and current-current) had higher HRs for gastric cancer (never-quit: 1.077; 95% CI, 0.887 to 1.306, never-current: 1.347; 95% CI, 0.983 to1.846, quit-quit: 1.086; 95% CI, 0.863 to 1.366, quit-current: 1.538; 95% CI, 1.042 to 2.269, current-quit: 1.339; 95% CI, 1.077 to 1.666, and current-current: 1.589; 95% CI, 1.355 to 1.864, respectively). The risk for gastric cancer was highest in heavy smokers, followed by moderate smokers.
conclusionsIn all categories of smoking status, current smoking was associated with the highest risk of gastric cancer. Heavy smoking was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer, even in former smokers.
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