ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2022
Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in HIV Sequences From People Who Inject Drugs and Men Who Have Sex With Men Across 21 Cities in India.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Analysis of HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance mutations in people who inject drugs in Aizawl and nearby districts of Mizoram, India.Virulence · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Drug resistance testing is limited in public-sector human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care in India, and there are few systematic samplings for prevalent drug resistance mutations (DRMs), particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM) and people who inject drugs (PWID). Methods: We conducted genotypic resistance testing on 915 HIV sequences sampled from viremic self-reported antiretroviral therapy (ART) experienced and naive PWID and MSM recruited from 21 cities across India in 2016-2017. We analyzed factors associated with resistance using logistic regression and evaluated evidence for transmitted resistance using phylogenetic analyses. Results: Of the 915 participants sequenced, median age was 31, 436 were MSM, and 191 were ART experienced. Overall, 62.8% of ART-experienced participants and 14.4% of ART-naive participants were found to have low-level resistance or higher to 1 or more classes of drugs. Prevalence of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate resistance was 25.7% in ART-experienced participants and 1.11% in ART-naive participants. The highest proportion of drug resistance was seen across nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and resistance was significantly more common among MSM participants than PWID. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that 54.6% of ART-naive participants with resistance who clustered had shared DRMs, suggesting transmitted resistance may have occurred. Conclusions: Patients experiencing virologic failure on first-line therapy switched blindly to tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir may effectively be receiving dolutegravir monotherapy due to resistance to tenofovir and lamivudine. While dolutegravir is expected to have full activity in the majority of patients in India, follow-up is needed to understand how resistance may affect long-term outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.