ArticleJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2022
Quantitative measurement of resistance force and subsequent attenuation during passive isokinetic extension of the wrist in patients with mild to moderate spasticity after stroke.
Article in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of remote rehabilitation therapy for upper limb dysfunction following stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials.BMC neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Development of an Affordable Self-Stretching Passive Device for Treatment and Assessment of Spastic Wrist and Fingers Post-Stroke.IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings] · 2025Article
- Protocol for a randomized controlled trial evaluating the artificial intelligence health education accurately linking system in patients with mild-to-moderate stroke.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSpasticity is evaluated by measuring the increased resistance to passive movement, primarily by manual methods. Few options are available to measure spasticity in the wrist more objectively. Furthermore, no studies have investigated the force attenuation following increased resistance. The aim of this study was to conduct a safe quantitative evaluation of wrist passive extension stiffness in stroke survivors with mild to moderate spastic paresis using a custom motor-controlled device. Furthermore, we wanted to clarify whether the changes in the measured values could quantitatively reflect the spastic state of the flexor muscles involved in the wrist stiffness of the patients. MATERIALS AND
methodsResistance forces were measured in 17 patients during repetitive passive extension of the wrist at velocities of 30, 60, and 90 deg/s. The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) in the wrist and finger flexors was also assessed by two skilled therapists and their scores were averaged (i.e., average MAS) for analysis. Of the fluctuation of resistance, we focused on the damping just after the peak forces and used these for our analysis. A repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted to assess velocity-dependence. Correlations between MAS and damping parameters were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation.
resultsThe damping force and normalized value calculated from damping part showed significant velocity-dependent increases. There were significant correlations (ρ = 0.53-0.56) between average MAS for wrist and the normalized value of the damping part at 90 deg/s. The correlations became stronger at 60 deg/s and 90 deg/s when the MAS for finger flexors was added to that for wrist flexors (ρ = 0.65-0.68).
conclusionsThis custom-made isokinetic device could quantitatively evaluate spastic changes in the wrist and finger flexors simultaneously by focusing on the damping part, which may reflect the decrease in resistance we perceive when manually assessing wrist spasticity using MAS. Trial registration UMIN Clinical Trial Registry, as UMIN000030672, on July 4, 2018.
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