ArticleScientific reports2022
Sex difference in innate inflammatory response and macrophage polarization in Streptococcus agalactiae-induced pneumonia and potential role of microRNA-223-3p.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modulation of alveolar macrophages by sex as a biological variable.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in immune modulation: implications for infection, inflammation, and nutritional supplementation.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Sex in Immune Cells and Parasitic Diseases - A Complex Relationship.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Sex differences in immune cells: mechanistic perspectives and clinical correlates in physiology and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exploring macrophage polarization: biological insights, key laboratory techniques and research perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Sex differences in a murine model of infective endocarditis.Basic research in cardiology · 2025Article
- X-chromosome-linked miR-542-5p as a key regulator of sex disparity in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis by promoting Th17 differentiation.Biomarker research · 2025Article
- Sex bias in tumor immunity: insights from immune cells.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Mitochondrial respiratory dysfunctions of alveolar macrophages in interstitial lung disease: an exploratory study of bioenergetic and clinical links.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The influence of sex-specific factors on biological transformations and health outcomes in aging processes.Biogerontology · 2024Review
- miRNA-7145-cuedc2 axis controls hematopoiesis through JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway.Cell death discovery · 2024Article
- Diagnostic predictability of serum miR-4793-3p and miR-1180-3p expression in community-acquired pneumonia.Biomarkers in medicine · 2024Article
- Mechanisms and consequences of sex differences in immune responses.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2024Review
- Antioxidant Polyphenols fromAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Sex-biased expression of selected chromosome x-linked microRNAs with potent regulatory effect on the inflammatory response in children with cystic fibrosis: A preliminary pilot investigation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
While number of studies have shown that biological sex is a risk factor in the incidence and severity of infection-induced inflammatory diseases, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this study, we compared the innate inflammatory response in male and female mice with group B streptococcal (GBS)-induced pneumoniae. Although male and female mice displayed similar bacterial burdens, males exhibited more innate inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and a higher proportion of infiltrating monocytes/macrophages. The analysis of the distribution of macrophage subtypes M1 (pro-inflammatory) versus M2 (anti-inflammatory) yielded a higher M1/M2 ratio in infected males compared with females. Given the importance of the chromosome X-linked microRNA-223-3p (miR-223-3p) in modulating the inflammatory process and macrophage polarization, we investigated its potential contribution in sex bias of GBS-induced innate inflammatory response. Knock-down of miR-223-3p with specific antagomiR resulted in increased inflammatory response and higher M1/M2 ratio following GBS infection. Notably, compared to male mice, we detected higher amount of miR-223-3p in macrophages from females that correlated negatively with M1 phenotype. These results suggest that differential expression of miR-233-3p may impact macrophage polarization, thereby contributing to fine-tune sex differences in inflammatory response.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.