SynthesisBMJ open2022
Identifying gaps in global evidence for nurse staffing and patient care outcomes research in low/middle-income countries: an umbrella review.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Methodological Rigor and Integrity of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses From Nursing-Affiliated Institutions in North African Countries: The FALCON-1 Study.Cochrane evidence synthesis and methods · 2026Article
- Observational
- Association of nurse staffing ratios with patient mortality and length of stay in Chilean public hospitals: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Triangulating evidence, expertise, and maternal experience to design a gestational age-specific stimulation protocol for preterm infants in indian neonatal intensive care units.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Links Between Staffing and Resource Inadequacy and Missed Nursing Care in an Academic Medical Center (Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia): A Cross-Sectional Study.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Article
- Article
- Multifactorial Correlation Analysis of Nursing Unit Staffing Based on Gray Relation Analysis: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of nursing management · 2026Article
- Delivery of care in high mortality hospital settings: a direct observational study examining 1848 h of neonatal nursing in Kenya.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Global perspectives on patient-centered outcomes: advancing patient-centered cancer clinical trials globally.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · 2025Article
- Development of a User-Centred Chronic Care Model for Patients With Heart Failure in a Limited-Resource Setting: A Codesign Study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Factors associated with ABCDEF bundle implementation for critically ill patients: An international cross-sectional survey in 54 countries.SAGE open medicine · 2025Article
- Unveiling social relationships: exploring the importance of relationships as a moderator of the link between effort-reward imbalance and leader-member exchange among healthcare professionals.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Challenges of Antibiotic Formulations and Administration in the Treatment of Bloodstream Infections in Children Under Five Admitted to Kisantu Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Citation Network Analysis of Nurse Staffing Research from the Past Two Decades: 2000-2022.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Nurses' perspectives on inpatient falls in a large academic hospital in South Africa.Curationis · 2023Article
- Incentivizing an exodus: The implications of recruiting nurses from low-middle income countries to high-income countries.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Development and Validation of the Missed Nursing Care Tool for Pre-Operative Patients with Lung Cancer in China.Patient preference and adherence · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo identify nurse staffing and patient care outcome literature in published systematic reviews and map out the evidence gaps for low/middle-income countries (LMICs).
methodsWe included quantitative systematic reviews on nurse staffing levels and patient care outcomes in regular ward settings published in English. We excluded qualitative reviews or reviews on nursing skill mix. We searched the Cochrane Register of Systematic Reviews, the Joanna Briggs Institute Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, Medline, Embase and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature from inception until July 2021. We used the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews -2 (AMSTAR-2) criteria for risk of bias assessment and conducted a narrative synthesis.
resultsFrom 843 papers, we included 14 in our final synthesis. There were overlaps in primary studies summarised across reviews, but overall, the reviews summarised 136 unique primary articles. Only 4 out of 14 reviews had data on LMIC publications and only 9 (6.6%) of 136 unique primary articles were conducted in LMICs. Only 8 of 23 patient care outcomes were reported from LMICs. Less research was conducted in contexts with staffing levels that are typical of many LMIC contexts. DISCUSSION: Our umbrella review identified very limited data for nurse staffing and patient care outcomes in LMICs. We also identified data from high-income countries might not be good proxies for LMICs as staffing levels where this research was conducted had comparatively better staffing levels than the few LMIC studies. This highlights a critical need for the conduct of nurse staffing research in LMIC contexts. LIMITATIONS: We included data on systematic reviews that scored low on our risk of bias assessment because we sought to provide a broad description of the research area. We only considered systematic reviews published in English and did not include any qualitative reviews in our synthesis. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021286908.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.