ArticleCancer2022
Burden of lymphedema in long-term breast cancer survivors by race and age.
Article in Cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Integrated care for long-responder women with metastatic breast cancer: Expert opinion for long term management in spain].Atencion primaria · 2026Guideline
- Effect of eight different acupuncture and moxibustion therapies on breast cancer-related lymphedema: a Bayesian network meta-analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Targeting Lymphedema in Overweight Breast Cancer Survivors: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Diet and Exercise Intervention.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- The 6 month interim analysis of a randomized controlled trial assessing the quality of life in patients with breast cancer related lymphedema undergoing lymphaticovenous anastomosis vs. conservative therapy.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Artificial Intelligence for Prediction of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: A Systematic Review.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence and Robotic Surgery in Lymphedema: A Scoping Review of Current Applications, Clinical Translation, and Evidence Gaps.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Receipt of Combined Axillary Dissection and Nodal Irradiation Varies by Age.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Using Machine Learning to Predict Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema Following Axillary Lymph Node Dissection.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Article
- Arm morbidity and financial difficulty in breast cancer survivors.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026Article
- Development and validation of an interpretable stacking-based risk model for breast cancer- related lymphoedema: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Analysis of Risk Factors for Progression of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema from the Reversible to Irreversible Stage: A Single-Center Retrospective Case-Control Study.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Effect of Complex Decongestive Therapy on Quality of Life in Advanced Breast Cancer Patients With Upper Limb Lymphedema: A Quasi-Experimental Study From a Palliative Lymphedema Care Clinic in Bangladesh.Health science reports · 2025Article
- A phenomenological study of women with breast cancer-related lymphedema using the healthcare system.The British journal of occupational therapy · 2025Article
- Effects of 4-Week Complex Decongestive Therapy in the Management of Breast Cancer-Related Arm Lymphedema in Montenegrin Women Post-Mastectomy and Chemo/Radiotherapy.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Preliminary Efficacy/Feasibility Study of a Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema Prospective Screening and Early Intervention Program at the Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Characterizing Trends of Lymphedema After Axillary Lymph Node Dissection with and Without Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction.Cancers · 2025Article
- Advancing Lymphedema Surveillance With Evidence-Based Practices.Clinical journal of oncology nursing · 2025Review
- Unmet needs among long-term breast cancer survivors.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for breast cancer-related secondary lymphedema (Review).Molecular and clinical oncology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRisk assessment for breast cancer-related lymphedema has emphasized upper-limb symptoms and treatment-related risk factors. This article examined breast cancer-related lymphedema after surgery, overall and in association with broader demographic and clinical features.
methodsThe Carolina Breast Cancer Study phase 3 followed participants for breast cancer-related lymphedema from baseline (on average, 5 months after breast cancer diagnosis) to 7 years after diagnosis. Among 2645 participants, 552 self-reported lymphedema cases were identified. Time-to-lymphedema curves and inverse probability weighted conditional Cox proportional hazards model were used to evaluate whether demographics and clinical features were associated with breast cancer-related lymphedema.
resultsPoint prevalence of breast cancer-related lymphedema was 6.8% at baseline, and 19.9% and 23.8% at 2 and 7 years after diagnosis, respectively. Most cases had lymphedema in the arm (88%-93%), whereas 14% to 27% presented in the trunk and/or breast. Beginning approximately 10 months after diagnosis, younger Black women had the highest risk of breast cancer-related lymphedema and older non-Black women had the lowest risk. Positive lymph node status, larger tumor size (>5 cm), and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer, as well as established risk factors such as higher body mass index, removal of more than five lymph nodes, mastectomy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, were significantly associated with increased hazard (1.5- to 3.5-fold) of lymphedema.
conclusionsFindings highlight that hazard of breast cancer-related lymphedema differs by demographic characteristics and clinical features. These factors could be used to identify those at greatest need of lymphedema prevention and early intervention. LAY SUMMARY: In this study, the aim was to investigate breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) burden. This study found that risk of BCRL differs by race, age, and other characteristics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.