ArticlePlant physiology2023
ZAXINONE SYNTHASE 2 regulates growth and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in rice.
Article in Plant physiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrating single-cell omic techniques to resolve the spatio-temporal complexity of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.Journal of experimental botany · 2026Review
- Review
- An evolutionarily diverged CCD4 enzyme negatively regulates mesocotyl elongation in rice.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- LYCOPENE β-CYCLASE overexpression improves growth, modulates hormone content, and affects rhizospheric interactions in tobacco and tomato roots.Plant cell reports · 2025Article
- The metabolic landscape of tomato roots during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis reveals lipid-related metabolic rewiring.Plant cell reports · 2025Article
- Arabidopsis response to the apocarotenoid zaxinone involves interference with strigolactone signaling via binding to DWARF14.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Zaxinone Synthase overexpression modulates rice physiology and metabolism, enhancing nutrient uptake, growth and productivity.Plant, cell & environment · 2025Article
- Effect of exogenous treatment with zaxinone and its mimics on rice root microbiota across different growth stages.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- OsCYP706C2 diverts rice strigolactone biosynthesis to a noncanonical pathway branch.Science advances · 2024Article
- Ectopic expression of the GRAS-type transcriptional regulatorFrontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- TheFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Does zaxinone counteract strigolactones in shaping rice architecture?Plant signaling & behavior · 2023Article
- A Fast and Cost-Effective Genotyping Method for CRISPR-Cas9-Generated Mutant Rice Lines.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Editorial: Specialized metabolites manipulating organismal behaviors and rhizospheric communications.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Metabolomics of plant root exudates: From sample preparation to data analysis.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Review
- Boosting Drought Resilience in Rice: The Priming Effects of Zaxinone and Its Mimics.Physiologia plantarumArticle
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Carotenoid cleavage, catalyzed by CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASEs (CCDs), provides signaling molecules and precursors of plant hormones. Recently, we showed that zaxinone, a apocarotenoid metabolite formed by the CCD ZAXINONE SYNTHASE (ZAS), is a growth regulator required for normal rice (Oryza sativa) growth and development. The rice genome encodes three OsZAS homologs, called here OsZAS1b, OsZAS1c, and OsZAS2, with unknown functions. Here, we investigated the enzymatic activity, expression pattern, and subcellular localization of OsZAS2 and generated and characterized loss-of-function CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and associated protein 9)-Oszas2 mutants. We show that OsZAS2 formed zaxinone in vitro. OsZAS2 was predominantly localized in plastids and mainly expressed under phosphate starvation. Moreover, OsZAS2 expression increased during mycorrhization, specifically in arbuscule-containing cells. Oszas2 mutants contained lower zaxinone content in roots and exhibited reduced root and shoot biomass, fewer tillers, and higher strigolactone (SL) levels. Exogenous zaxinone application repressed SL biosynthesis and partially rescued the growth retardation of the Oszas2 mutant. Consistent with the OsZAS2 expression pattern, Oszas2 mutants displayed a lower frequency of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. In conclusion, OsZAS2 is a zaxinone-forming enzyme that, similar to the previously reported OsZAS, determines rice growth, architecture, and SL content, and is required for optimal mycorrhization.
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