ArticleESC heart failure2023
Targeting efficacy of spironolactone in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the TOPCAT study.
Article in ESC heart failure, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Left Atrial Volume Index and Left Ventricular Mass Index Determine the Benefits of Spironolactone in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Trial
- Hyperaldosteronism in the Pathophysiology and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Review
- Artificial Intelligence in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Obesity and heart failure: exploring the cardiometabolic axis.Cardiovascular research · 2025Review
- Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Advancements in Heart Failure Treatment.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Drug Therapy for Acute and Chronic Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction with Hypertension: A State-of-the-Art Review.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2024Review
- Targeting efficacy of spironolactone in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the TOPCAT study.ESC heart failure · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimsWe aimed to explore the heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) for spironolactone treatment in patients with Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and examine the efficacy and safety of spironolactone medication, ensuring a better individualized therapy. METHODS AND
resultsWe used the causal forest algorithm to discover the heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) from patients in the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) trial. Cox regressions were performed to assess the hazard ratios (HRs) of spironolactone medication for cardiovascular death and drug discontinuation in each group. The causal forest model revealed three representative covariates and participants were partitioned into four subgroups which were Group 1 (baseline BMI ≤ 31.71 kg/m
conclusionOur study manifested the HTEs of spironolactone in patients with HFpEF. Spironolactone treatment in HFpEF patients is feasible and effective in patients with high BMI and WBC while harmful in patients with low BMI and ALP. Machine learning model could be meaningful for improved categorization of patients with HFpEF, ensuring a better individualized therapy in the clinical setting.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.