ArticleEye (London, England)2023
Longitudinal analysis of aqueous humour cytokine expression and OCT-based imaging biomarkers in retinal vein occlusions treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in the IMAGINE study.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Direct randomized evidence comparing ranibizumab and bevacizumab for macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Short-term real-world outcomes of switching to faricimab in anti-VEGF-refractory retinal vein occlusion: a prospective study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Aqueous humor cytokine levels in retinal vein occlusion patients with suboptimal response to anti-VEGF therapy and the correlation with OCT imaging biomarkers.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Potential sustained benefits of early targeted panretinal photocoagulation in combination with anti-VEGF in macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion: 48-month results of a retrospective comparative study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Artificial intelligence in individualized retinal disease management.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesRetinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disorder. Despite promising advances with anti-VEGF therapy, select patients are unresponsive to therapy. A precision medicine-based approach for therapeutic decision-making based on underlying biomarkers may facilitate treatment based on the underlying pathway. This study aims to identify the baseline and longitudinal cytokine profiles of RVO-related macular oedema and correlating these expression profiles with higher order OCT features using a novel retinal segmentation and feature extraction platform. SUBJECTS/
methodsThe IMAGINE study is a post-hoc assessment of aqueous humour cytokines with correlation to higher level analysis of imaging studies. OCT scans underwent machine learning enhanced segmentation of the internal limiting membrane (ILM), ellipsoid zone (EZ) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), as well as evaluating volumetric fluid metrics. Samples of aqueous humour were obtained at baseline, as well as months 4 and 9 prior to treatment. These samples were analysed for the expression of multiple cytokines. Patients were divided into Responders and Non-Responders based on OCT profiles. Additionally, patients were categorised as a Rebounder if their CST increased by 50% after initial improvement.
resultsTwenty-six eyes were included. The OCT-based response schema identified 21 Responders (81%) and 5 Non-Responders (19%). VEGF levels directly correlated with intraretinal fluid volume and angiogenin was inversely correlated with fluid indices. Multiple cytokines, including ANGPTL4, were directly correlated with ellipsoid zone disruption. The baseline VEGF levels were significantly higher in all responders compared to Non-Responders (p = 0.02). Rebounders tended to have significantly decreased levels of angiogenin and TIMP-1 (p = 0.019, p = 0.015).
conclusionsCytokine expression was linked to specific OCT features and treatment response in RVO. Identification of an imaging phenotype that could serve as a surrogate for underlying active disease pathways could enhance treatment decision-making and precision medicine.
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