ArticleScientific reports2022
The spatial-temporal distribution and etiological characteristics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease before and after EV‑A71 vaccination in Kunming, China, 2017-2020.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between ambient air pollution and risk of hand, foot, and mouth disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Recent advances on coxsackievirus A6 vaccine research.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Spatiotemporal epidemiology of influenza in Fujian Province: an 18-year observational study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of Enterovirus 71 Vaccines in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Impact of demographic, clinical, and viral factors on severe influenza in young children in Fuzhou.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Quantifying the temperature-related fraction of hand, foot, and mouth disease using distributed lag non-linear models: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic period.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Antigenic characterization and mapping of a conserved neutralizing epitope on VP1 of coxsackievirus A5.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- West-to-East transmission clusters and meteorological associations for severe hand foot and mouth disease in Shandong Province: a geospatial and GAM analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The Etiological Characteristics of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Yuyao, China, 2010-2023.Iranian journal of public health · 2025Article
- Molecular characterization of Coxsackievirus A2 isolated from hand, foot and mouth disease in eastern China.Microbial genomics · 2025Article
- Enterovirus A71 priorities, challenges, and future opportunities in humoral immunity and vaccine development.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
- Epidemiological trends of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children under age 10, Jiangning District, Jiangsu, China (2009-2023).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of EV-A71 Vaccine and Its Impact on the Incidence of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease: A Systematic Review.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Heterogeneity of influenza infection at precise scale in Yinchuan, Northwest China, 2012-2022: evidence from Joinpoint regression and spatiotemporal analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Identification of a Conserved, Linear Epitope on VP3 ofViruses · 2023Article
- Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease-Associated Enterovirus and the Development of Multivalent HFMD Vaccines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
After vaccination with enterovirus 71 (EV-A71), the prevalence of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) remained high, and the spatial-temporal distribution of enteroviruses changed. Therefore, it is essential to define the temporal features, spatial distributions, and epidemiological and etiological characteristics of HFMD in Kunming. Between 2017 and 2020, a total of 36,540 children were diagnosed with HFMD in Kunming, including 32,754 children with enterovirus-positive clinical samples. Demographic, geographical, epidemiological and etiological data of the cases were acquired and analyzed. Other enteroviruses replaced EV-A71, and the incidence of EV-A71 decreased dramatically, whereas coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) had substantial outbreaks in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The major and minor peaks all extended for 2-4 months compared to before vaccination with the EV-A71 vaccine. From 2019 to 2020, CV-A6, as the predominant serotype, showed only a single peak. Although a high incidence of HFMD was observed in Guandu, Chenggong and Xishan, the annual incidence of different enterovirus serotypes was different in different regions. In 2017, other enteroviruses were most prevalent in Shilin. In 2018, CV-A16 and CV-A6 were most prevalent in Luquan and Shilin, respectively. In 2019, CV-A16 was most prevalent in Jinning. In 2020, CV-A6 and coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) were most prevalent in Luquan and Shilin, respectively. Meanwhile, the epidemic cycle of CV-A6 and CV-A16 was only 1 year, and CV-A10 and other enteroviruses were potential risk pathogens. The spatial and temporal distribution of HFMD varies at different scales, and the incidence of HFMD associated with different pathogens has obvious regional differences and seasonal trends. Therefore, research on multivalent combined vaccines is urgently needed, and proper preventive and protective measures could effectively control the incidence of HFMD-like diseases.
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