ArticleJournal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi2022
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the profiles and responses of innate immune cells after recovery.
Article in Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Monocytes in pneumonia: Functional plasticity and innate memory (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Though systemic inflammatory markers may remain elevated after recovery from coronavirus disease-19, gut mucosal inflammation resolves soon after recovery.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Solid Organ Transplants Caused by COVID-19 Infection and the Outcome of Transplantation Post-COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- A follow-up study on respiratory outcomes, quality of life and performance perception of SARS-CoV-2 primary and reinfection in elite athletes: A 9-month prospective study.European journal of sport science · 2024Article
- Prevalence and patterns of post-COVID-19 symptoms in recovered patients of Delhi, India: a population-based study.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the Levels of Selected Cytokines and Their Possible Influence on the Development of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Complications in Patients after COVID-19.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Review
- The longitudinal characterization of immune responses in COVID-19 patients reveals novel prognostic signatures for disease severity, patients' survival and long COVID.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- Persisting Shadows: Unraveling the Impact of Long COVID-19 on Respiratory, Cardiovascular, and Nervous Systems.Infectious disease reports · 2023Review
- Mechanisms of long COVID: An updated review.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2023Review
- [Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on graft composition and early transplant outcomes following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi · 2023Article
- Epstein-Barr virus-acquired immunodeficiency in myalgic encephalomyelitis-Is it present in long COVID?Journal of translational medicine · 2023Review
- Humoral Immunity of Unvaccinated COVID-19 Recovered vs. Naïve BNT162b2 Vaccinated Individuals: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Inflammation and Epstein-Barr Virus at the Crossroads of Multiple Sclerosis and Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 Infection.Viruses · 2023Review
- Can Baseline IL-6 Levels Predict Long COVID in Subjects Hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 Disease?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Suppressive myeloid cells in SARS-CoV-2 andFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- ME/CFS and Long COVID share similar symptoms and biological abnormalities: road map to the literature.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundsSARS-CoV-2 infection results in a broad spectrum of clinical outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic to severe symptoms and death. Most COVID-19 pathogenesis is associated with hyperinflammatory conditions driven primarily by myeloid cell lineages. The long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection post recovery include various symptoms.
methodsWe performed a longitudinal study of the innate immune profiles 1 and 3 months after recovery in the Thai cohort by comparing patients with mild, moderate, and severe clinical symptoms using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (n = 62).
resultsSignificant increases in the frequencies of monocytes compared to controls and NK cells compared to mild and moderate patients were observed in severe patients 1-3 months post recovery. Increased polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) were observed in all recovered patients, even after 3 months. Increased IL-6 and TNFα levels in monocytes were observed 1 month after recovery in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, while decreased CD86 and HLA-DR levels were observed regardless of stimulation. A multiplex analysis of serum cytokines performed at 1 month revealed that most innate cytokines, except for TNFα, IL4/IL-13 (Th2) and IFNγ (Th1), were elevated in recovered patients in a severity-dependent manner. Finally, the myelopoiesis cytokines G-CSF and GM-CSF were higher in all patient groups. Increased monocytes and IL-6- and TNFα-producing cells were significantly associated with long COVID-19 symptoms.
conclusionsThese results reveal that COVID-19 infection influences the frequencies and functions of innate immune cells for up to 3 months after recovery, which may potentially lead to some of the long COVID symptoms.
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