ArticleJournal of affective disorders2023
Anxiety and depressive symptoms of German university students 20 months after the COVID-19 outbreak - A cross-sectional study.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Symptoms of anxiety and depression among health and social science students: A multicenter study.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Article
- Psychological distress, health-promoting lifestyle and sociodemographic factors in Honduran university students: a structural equation model.Health promotion international · 2024Observational
- Anxious and Angry: Early Emotional Adaptation of Medical Students in a Situational Crisis on the Example of the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 on electricity consumption of open university campus buildings - The case of Twente University in the Netherlands.Energy and buildings · 2023Article
- Associations of loneliness with mental health and with social and physical activity among university students in Germany: results of the COVID-19 German student well-being study (C19 GSWS).Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Relationship between emotional intelligence and learning motivation among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A serial mediation model.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Well-Being amongst College Students during COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Developing Country.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2024-08-16Error in Analyses · Error in Methods · Error in Results and/or Conclusions ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGiven the long duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, monitoring mental health remains important. This study aimed to determine (1) the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among university students 20 months after the first COVID-19 restrictions and (2) which factors were associated with these outcomes.
methodsThe cross-sectional COVID-19 German Student Well-being Study (C19 GSWS) collected data of 7025 students at five German universities. Associations between anxiety and depressive symptoms with sociodemographic and other factors were analysed using multivariable logistic regression models.
resultsThe mean age of the participants was 23.9 years (SD = 4.9), 67 % were female and 31 % male. The prevalence for depressive symptoms was 29 % (PHQ-2) and 12 % (CES-D 8) and 32 % for anxiety. A complicated relationship status, the lack of a trusted person, and financial difficulties were associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms. University students who were worried about (re-) infection with COVID-19 had a 1.37-times higher chance for reporting anxiety (GAD-2: OR, 95 % CI: 1.09-1.71). Those with pre-existing cardiovascular health conditions had an up to 3.21-times higher chance for reporting depressive symptoms (OR, CESD-D 8, 95 % CI: 1.44-7.14). LIMITATIONS: The study design is cross-sectional and uses self-reported outcomes.
conclusionsConcepts for prevention and counselling to tackle mental health problems in students are needed and programmes should take specific stressors related to the pandemic into account.
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