ArticleMolecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)2022
Elevated vascular transformation blood biomarkers in Long-COVID indicate angiogenesis as a key pathophysiological mechanism.
Article in Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Predictive enrichment using biomarkers in studies of critically-ill patients with sepsis: a systematic review.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Endotheliopathy in Acute COVID-19 and Long COVID.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Intermittent fasting and a no-sugar diet for Long COVID symptoms: a randomized crossover trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Neurological Manifestations of Long COVID: Current Evidence, Emerging Concepts, and Future Perspectives.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Long-term angiogenic and thromboinflammatory signatures in post-COVID-19 syndrome.Angiogenesis · 2026Article
- Current status and future perspectives on the mechanistic and pathophysiological understanding of long COVID.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Computational proteomics to enhance personalized treatment of COVID-19 and Long COVID.Clinical proteomics · 2026Review
- Impaired peripheral oxygen delivery during submaximal exercise in adults with long COVID.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicle Protein and MiRNA Signatures as Biomarkers for Post-Infectious ME/CFS Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Integrated Analysis of Parenchymal and Vascular HRCT Patterns with Circulating Biomarkers in Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A perfect storm: the immunological and pathophysiological landscape of pediatric post-COVID-19 condition.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Pilot longitudinal integrated transcriptomic-metabolomic study reveals immune and metabolic signatures in non-hospitalized healthcare workers with long COVID.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 spike S1-mediated HIF-2α activation in retinal endothelial cells suggests a mechanism contributing to post-COVID endothelial dysfunction.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Lingering echoes of SARS-CoV-2: mechanistic insights and management of long COVID syndrome.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- COVID-19-associated neurological and psychological manifestations.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Biological Plausibility Between Long-COVID and Periodontal Disease Development or Progression.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Decoding long COVID-associated cardiovascular dysfunction: Mechanisms, models, and new approach methodologies.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology · 2025Review
- P selectin promotes SARS-CoV-2 interactions with platelets and the endothelium.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLong-COVID is characterized by prolonged, diffuse symptoms months after acute COVID-19. Accurate diagnosis and targeted therapies for Long-COVID are lacking. We investigated vascular transformation biomarkers in Long-COVID patients.
methodsA case-control study utilizing Long-COVID patients, one to six months (median 98.5 days) post-infection, with multiplex immunoassay measurement of sixteen blood biomarkers of vascular transformation, including ANG-1, P-SEL, MMP-1, VE-Cad, Syn-1, Endoglin, PECAM-1, VEGF-A, ICAM-1, VLA-4, E-SEL, thrombomodulin, VEGF-R2, VEGF-R3, VCAM-1 and VEGF-D.
resultsFourteen vasculature transformation blood biomarkers were significantly elevated in Long-COVID outpatients, versus acutely ill COVID-19 inpatients and healthy controls subjects (P < 0.05). A unique two biomarker profile consisting of ANG-1/P-SEL was developed with machine learning, providing a classification accuracy for Long-COVID status of 96%. Individually, ANG-1 and P-SEL had excellent sensitivity and specificity for Long-COVID status (AUC = 1.00, P < 0.0001; validated in a secondary cohort). Specific to Long-COVID, ANG-1 levels were associated with female sex and a lack of disease interventions at follow-up (P < 0.05).
conclusionsLong-COVID patients suffer prolonged, diffuse symptoms and poorer health. Vascular transformation blood biomarkers were significantly elevated in Long-COVID, with angiogenesis markers (ANG-1/P-SEL) providing classification accuracy of 96%. Vascular transformation blood biomarkers hold potential for diagnostics, and modulators of angiogenesis may have therapeutic efficacy.
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