ArticleThe British journal of ophthalmology2023
Prevalence and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in a population-based cohort study of older adults in Northern Ireland using multimodal imaging: NICOLA Study.
Article in The British journal of ophthalmology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Progression to complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA): post hoc analysis of the GATHER1 trial.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Trial
- Deep Learning-Based Detection of Reticular Pseudodrusen in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Clinical & experimental ophthalmologyTrial
- Prevalence of macular disorders assessed by OCT in adults 45 years and older from Parintins - the Brazilian Amazon Region Eye Survey (BARES).International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Article
- Genetic array data from the Northern Ireland COhort for the Longitudinal study of Ageing (NICOLA).Research square · 2026Article
- Unveiling the non-linear synergistic effects of smoking and aging on cataract-AMD comorbidity: an explainable artificial intelligence approach.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Associations Between Structural Phenotype and Polygenic Risk Scores in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration - A MACUSTAR Report.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Impact of Polygenic Risk Scores on Retinal Microstructures in Early and Intermediate Age-related Macular Degeneration: the Northern Ireland Sensory Aging Study.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Polygenic Risk Score Impact on Visual Function in Older Individuals with Healthy Macula: The Northern Ireland Sensory Ageing Study.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- SCONe: a community-acquired retinal image repository enabling ocular, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease prediction.BMJ health & care informatics · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Health Screening Program Reveals the Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing (NICOLA): health assessment protocol, participant profile and patterns of participation.BMC public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo report prevalence and risk factor associations for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and AMD features from multimodal retinal grading in a multidisciplinary longitudinal population-based study of aging in Northern Ireland. STUDY
designPopulation-based longitudinal cohort study.
methodsRetinal imaging at the Norther Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Aging Study health assessment included stereo Colour Fundus Photography (CFP) (Canon CX-1, Tokyo, Japan) and Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) ((Heidelberg Retinal Angopgraph (HRA)+OCT; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). Medical history and demographic information was obtained during a home interview. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the prevalence of AMD and individual AMD features. Multiple imputation followed by multiple regression modelling was used to explore risk factor associations including relationships with AMD genetic risk score.
resultsRetinal images from 3386 participants were available for analysis. Mean age of the sample was 63.4 (SD 9.01, range: 36-99). Population weighted prevalence of AMD using colour grading in those over 55 years was: no drusen: 6 0.4%; drusen <63 μm: 15.9%; drusen 63-125 µm: 13.7%; drusen >125 µm or pigmentary changes: 8.3%; late AMD: 1.6%. Prevalence of AMD features in those over 55 years was: OCT drusen 27.5%, complete outer retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA) on OCT was 4.3%, reticular drusen 3.2% and subretinal drusenoid deposits 25.7%. The genetic risk score was significantly associated with drusen and cRORA but less so for SDD alone and non-significant for hyperpigmentation or vitelliform lesions.
conclusionsMultimodal imaging-based classification has provided evidence of some divergence of genetic risk associations between classical drusen and SDD. Our findings support an urgent review of current AMD severity classification systems.
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