ArticleInternational journal of cancer2023
Sex and smoking differences in the association between gastroesophageal reflux and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a high-incidence area: Golestan Cohort Study.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- GERD and Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Laryngoscope · 2026Pooled it
- Association of gastroesophageal reflux disease with the incidence of multiple cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Gastroesophageal disease risk and inhalational exposure a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Genetic correlation between smoking behavior and gastroesophageal reflux disease: insights from integrative multi-omics data.BMC genomics · 2024Pooled it
- Association Between Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Extraesophageal Malignancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancers · 2025Review
- Integrating healthcare utilization databases for cancer ascertainment in a prospective cohort in a limited resource setting: the Mexican Teachers' Cohort.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- Long-term outcomes of smoker and drinker with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma after oesophagectomy: a large-scale propensity score matching analysis.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Spatiotemporal Patterns of Esophageal Cancer Burden Attributable to Behavioral, Metabolic, and Dietary Risk Factors From 1990 to 2019: Longitudinal Observational Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Observational
- Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Prior studies have conflicting findings regarding the association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We examined this relationship in a prospective cohort in a region of high ESCC incidence. Baseline exposure data were collected from 50 045 individuals using in-person interviews at the time of cohort entry. Participants were followed until they developed cancer, died, or were lost to follow up. Participants with GERD symptoms were categorized into any GERD (heartburn or regurgitation), mixed symptoms, or heartburn alone. Multivariable Cox regression was used to assess the relationship between GERD symptom group and histologically confirmed ESCC. The model was adjusted for known risk factors for GERD and ESCC. 49 559 individuals were included in this study, of which 9005 had GERD symptoms. Over 13.0 years of median follow up, 290 individuals were diagnosed with ESCC. We found no association between any GERD and risk of ESCC (aHR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.66-1.24, P = .54). Similar findings were observed for the GERD symptom subtypes. Significant interactions between any GERD and sex (P = .013) as well as tobacco smoking (P = .028) were observed. In post-hoc analyses, GERD was associated with a decreased risk of ESCC in men (aHR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.27-0.98 P = .04) and in smokers (aHR 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08-0.83 P = .02). While there was little evidence for an overall association between GERD symptoms and ESCC risk, significant interactions with sex and smoking were observed. Men and smokers with GERD symptoms had a lower risk of ESCC development.
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