The Cost of Setting Up an ENT Endoscopic Practice in Lower Middle-Income Countries of Sub-Saharan Africa.

Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgeons in developing countries are constrained to practicing with lower technology, lower cost surgery, and reliance on outdated surgical techniques carried out with improvised instruments when compared with their counterparts in the developed world. In this review, we planned to lay open the bottle necks militating against setting up an ENT endoscopy practice in our setting with possible outcomes. The literature search was carried out to retrieve relevant published articles, books, and guidelines. Unpublished literatures were excluded. The search was limited to articles in English. ENT clinical practice in lower middle-income countries (LMICs) where there are limited or no ENT endoscopic setup due to high cost of procurement and maintenance, human resources, lack of subspecialty training, and inadequate funding by policy makers poses major challenges that can militate against the provision of adequate and effective surgical management. A continually improved management practices will positively affect the organisational structure, efficiency, and safety of a system. That is, an affordable and standard ENT endoscopic setup will go a long way to improve the access to training and practice for both ENT clinical and surgical purposes. The expansion of ENT endoscopic specialist training will improve both the diagnostic and therapeutic acumen in ENT practice in LMICs. The budget for health and the health-funding systems of our institutions must receive special and specific attentions tailored towards putting our health facilities in better shapes, subspecialty training, and procurement of state-of-the-art endoscopic equipment with proper plans on maintenance culture.