ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2022
Lower body energy generation, absorption, and transfer in youth baseball pitchers.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Age-related differences in whole-body muscle synergies during overarm throwing in children.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Pelvic Control and Pelvic-Trunk Coordination as Key Determinants of Pitching Velocity in Baseball Pitchers.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Lead and Back Hip Flexion-Extension Excursion: A Biomechanical Analysis in High School Baseball Pitchers.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Pitching Kinematics and Kinetics Related to the Elbow Joint Load in Young Female Baseball Players: A Comparison With Young Male Baseball Players.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Biomechanical and Clinical Analysis of a Youth Ambidextrous Baseball Pitcher: A Case Report.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2025Article
- Examining Changes in Shoulder Strength, Lower Body Power, and Body Composition among Collegiate Baseball Players after Completion of a Summer Baseball League Season.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- How the acceleration phase influences energy flow and the resulting joint moments of the throwing shoulder in the deceleration phase of the javelin throw.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An efficient baseball pitch will produce a high-velocity ball while minimizing the risk of injury to the pitcher. This study quantified ground reaction forces and lower body power during the entire pitching motion of youth baseball pitchers to investigate how developing athletes generate and transfer energy from lower limbs to the throwing arm. These data provide a foundation for comparing youth pitching strategy and mechanics to optimal throwing mechanics and may aid in developing appropriate training suggestions for this age group. Full-body three-dimensional (3D) motion capture and force platform data were collected on 23 youth pitchers performing fastballs thrown for strikes. Youth pitchers within this study used a "controlled drop" strategy in which the COM was lowered during the stride phase followed by a weak forward drive motion. Ground reaction forces (GRFs) indicate that the drive leg propels the center of mass (COM) toward the home plate while the stride leg braking force contributes to power generation up the kinetic chain. The stride hip generates energy assisting in energy flow up the kinetic chain as well as the creation of a stable base to rotate the trunk about. The lumbosacral joint generates the most energy of any joint studied, facilitating energy flow up the kinetic chain and underscoring the importance of core strength and coordination in proper pitching mechanics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.