ArticleFrontiers in oncology2022
DIRAS3, GPR171 and RAC2 were identified as the key molecular patterns associated with brain metastasis of breast cancer.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- ProSAAS neuropeptides and receptors GPR171 and GPR83: Potential therapeutic applications for pain, anxiety, and body weight regulation.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Review
- The Use of Biologics for Targeting GPCRs in Metastatic Cancers.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2025Review
- Analysis of neuroglia and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer brain metastasis.Cancer biology & therapy · 2024Review
- NEDD4L Suppresses Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis by Ubiquitinating RAC2 Expression and Acts as a Prognostic Biomarker in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- GPCRs: emerging targets for novel T cell immune checkpoint therapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Review
- Altered methylation of imprinted genes in neuroblastoma: implications for prognostic refinement.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Identifying SLC2A6 as the novel protective factor in breast cancer by TP53-related genes affecting M1 macrophage infiltration.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2024Article
- Expression ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
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6 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Brain metastasis is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in breast cancer patients. Therefore, elucidation and understanding of the underlying mechanisms are essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Methods: Differential gene analysis was performed for those with and without distant metastasis in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and those with and without recurrence in the brain in the dataset GSE12276. The differentially expressed genes procured from the two databases were intersected to obtain the intersecting genes associated with brain metastasis. Thereafter, the intersecting genes were subjected to LASSO model construction to screen for prognostic genes. The expression of the obtained genes in metastatic breast cancer was observed, and survival analysis was performed. Finally, GSEA analysis of the obtained genes was performed, and the relationship between them and immune cells was explored. Results: A total of 335 differential genes for the occurrence of distant metastases were obtained based on the TCGA database. A total of 1070 differential genes for recurrence to the brain were obtained based on the dataset GSE12276. The Venn diagram showed 24 intersecting genes associated with brain metastasis. The LASSO prognostic model contained a total of five genes (GBP2, GPR171, DIRAS3, RAC2, and CACNA1D). Expression difference analysis showed that GBP2, GPR171, DIRAS3, and RAC2 were significantly down-regulated in expression in metastatic breast cancer compared with primary breast cancer tumors. Only GPR171, DIRAS3, and RAC2 were strongly correlated with the overall survival of breast cancer patients. Their correlation analysis with immune cells showed that the correlation coefficient between the expression levels of DIRAS3 and immune cells was low, and the expression levels of GPR171 and RAC2 were more closely correlated with B cells and macrophages. Conclusions: The expression of DIRAS3, GPR171 and RAC2, genes associated with brain metastasis, was reduced in metastatic breast cancer, and GPR171 was found to promote brain metastasis of breast cancer cells by inducing B cells and thereby.
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