ReviewFrontiers in oncology2022
Exploring glioblastoma stem cell heterogeneity: Immune microenvironment modulation and therapeutic opportunities.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic value of human leukocyte antigen G expression in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Evolving Landscape of Glioblastoma Research: Integrating Therapeutic Advances and Diagnostic Frontiers.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Identification of glycometabolism-related genes for predicting the prognosis of patients with glioblastoma and its correlation with immune infiltration.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Glioblastoma Stem Cells and Tumour Microenvironment: Interactions Across Hypoxia, Vasculature and Immune Modulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Tumor microenvironment shapes the spatial organization of glioblastoma cell states.Neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- Review
- Immune niche-associated and niche-regulated plasticity in glioblastoma: state transitions, immune escape, and therapeutic vulnerabilities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles as nanocarriers in glioblastoma: implications for chemoresistance and immune evasion.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- An oncolytic herpesvirus expressing a CXCR4 antagonist interferes with glioblastoma cells' stemness features and migration.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2025Article
- Immune factors and their role in tumor aggressiveness in glioblastoma: Atypical cadherin FAT1 as a promising target for combating immune evasion.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Review
- The reprogramming impact of SMAC-mimetic on glioblastoma stem cells and the immune tumor microenvironment evolution.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- The Role of Viruses in the Glioma Tumor Microenvironment: Immunosuppressors or Primers for Anti-Tumor Immunity?Cancers · 2025Review
- Review
- Advancements in nanotheranostics for glioma therapy.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- MEX3A is a diagnostic, independent prognostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target in glioblastoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Synergistic Dual Targeting of Thioredoxin and Glutathione Systems Irrespective of p53 in Glioblastoma Stem Cells.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The tumour microenvironment, treatment resistance and recurrence in glioblastoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Review
- Glioma Stem Cells-Features for New Therapy Design.Cancers · 2024Review
- Glioma stem cells remodel immunotolerant microenvironment in GBM and are associated with therapeutic advancements.Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite its growing use in cancer treatment, immunotherapy has been virtually ineffective in clinical trials for gliomas. The inherently cold tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in gliomas, characterized by a high ratio of pro-tumor to anti-tumor immune cell infiltrates, acts as a seemingly insurmountable barrier to immunotherapy. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) within these tumors are key contributors to this cold TIME, often functioning indirectly through activation and recruitment of pro-tumor immune cell types. Furthermore, drivers of GSC plasticity and heterogeneity (e.g., reprogramming transcription factors, epigenetic modifications) are associated with induction of immunosuppressive cell states. Recent studies have identified GSC-intrinsic mechanisms, including functional mimicry of immune suppressive cell types, as key determinants of anti-tumor immune escape. In this review, we cover recent advancements in our understanding of GSC-intrinsic mechanisms that modulate GSC-TIME interactions and discuss cutting-edge techniques and bioinformatics platforms available to study immune modulation at high cellular resolution with exploration of both malignant (i.e., GSC) and non-malignant (i.e., immune) cell fractions. Finally, we provide insight into the therapeutic opportunities for targeting immunomodulatory GSC-intrinsic mechanisms to potentiate immunotherapy response in gliomas.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.