Integrative Analysis Reveals the Potential Role and Prognostic Value of GOLM1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Overexpression of Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1) is closely associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) vascular invasion. How GOLM1 may be involved in angiogenesis in HCC remains unclear. We explored how GOLM1 promotes angiogenesis in HCC and potential prognostic value. Expression levels of GOLM1 in HCC patients and healthy controls were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HCC patients and controls were compared. GOLM1 was knocked out in the HCC cell line, and RNA sequencing and DEG expression analysis were performed compared with control cells. Based on TCGA data and cell line RNA sequencing data, DEGs affected by a high expression of GOLM1 were identified. Subsequently, enrichment analysis was performed to explore the functions and pathways of the DEGs affected by a high expression of GOLM1. A relevant network analysis was built. Cox regression, genomic variance analysis scores, minimum absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, and random forest regression models were applied to determine the best prognostic model and validated using the GSE54236 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We determined the effect of GOLM1 expression on immune cell infiltration in liver cancer. GOLM1 was overexpressed in HCC tissues compared with controls, and its level correlated with tumor purity and prognosis. 400 DEGs affected by highly expressed GOLM1 were identified in TCGA and cell line RNA sequencing data. Enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs may be related to biological processes of oxidative stress and angiogenesis and involved in the VEGF signaling pathway and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum. We predicted a comprehensive regulatory network in which GOLM1 activated VEGF signaling to promote HCC angiogenesis. GOLM1 may interact with E2F1 and IGF2BP3 to promote angiogenesis. GOLM1 overexpression was associated with greater immune cell infiltration. A random forest regression model was the best prognostic model. Our study reveals a potential molecular mechanism of GOLM1 in promoting HCC. We developed two prognostic models based on DEG associated with GOLM1 overexpression to help stratify HCC prognosis and improve individualized treatment.