ReviewFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2022
B cell-T cell interplay in immune regulation: A focus on follicular regulatory T and regulatory B cell functions.
Review in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neutrophils induce effective antibody responses to the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine by inhibiting T regulatory cells.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory Strategies for Managing Viral Infections in Solid Organ Transplantation: Progress and Challenges.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Periodontitis and Chronic Liver Disease: Mechanistic Insights Focusing onMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Proteomic Analysis in Search of New Biomarkers of Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)-A Review of Current Data.Proteomes · 2026Review
- B-cells in breast cancer: current insights and challenges.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Leveraging polysaccharide-derived nanocarriers to open new horizons in oral vaccine activation.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Exploring the Immunomodulatory Role of Forkhead Box Protein 3 (FOXP3) in the Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- The influence of the gut microbiota on B cells in autoimmune diseases.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- T follicular helper cell expansion and hyperimmunoglobulinemia with spontaneous IgE production to dietary antigens in IgA-deficient mice.Mucosal immunology · 2025Article
- Immunosuppressive mechanisms and therapeutic targeting of regulatory T cells in ovarian cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Deciphering B Cell Heterogeneity and Pathogenic Mechanisms in Osteoporosis Through Single-Cell RNA Sequencing.BioMed research international · 2025Article
- Exploring TGF-β Signaling in Cancer Progression: Prospects and Therapeutic Strategies.OncoTargets and therapy · 2025Review
- Platelets as a potential new immune coordinator in T cell-mediated aplastic anemia.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Autoimmune disease: genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, and immune dysregulation. Where can we develop therapies?Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- VISTAFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Differential Diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Sarcoidosis by Immunological Features Using Machine Learning.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Recombinant bivalent subunit vaccine combining truncated VP4 from P[7] and P[23] induces protective immunity against prevalent porcine rotaviruses.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Sarcoidosis-related autoimmune inflammation in COVID-19 convalescent patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 11 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
B cells are the core components of humoral immunity. A mature B cell can serve in multiple capacities, including antibody production, antigen presentation, and regulatory functions. Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)-expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key players in sustaining immune tolerance and keeping inflammation in check. Mounting evidence suggests complex communications between B cells and Tregs. In this review, we summarize the yin-yang regulatory relationships between B cells and Tregs mainly from the perspectives of T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells and regulatory B cells (Bregs). We discuss the regulatory effects of Tfr cells on B cell proliferation and the germinal center response. Additionally, we review the indispensable role of B cells in ensuring homeostatic Treg survival and describe the function of Bregs in promoting Treg responses. Finally, we introduce a new subset of Tregs, termed Treg-of-B cells, which are induced by B cells, lake the expression of FoxP3 but still own immunomodulatory effects. In this article, we also enumerate a sequence of research from clinical patients and experimental models to clarify the role of Tfr cells in germinal centers and the role of convention B cells and Bregs to Tregs in the context of different diseases. This review offers an updated overview of immunoregulatory networks and unveils potential targets for therapeutic interventions against cancer, autoimmune diseases and allograft rejection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.