ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients with inborn errors of immunity-polish experience.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Burden of Non-Infectious Organ-Specific Immunopathology in Pediatric Common Variable Immunodeficiency.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Immune disorders and COVID-19 vaccination: analysing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and cellular immune response.Central-European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Down Syndrome in Children: A Primary Immunodeficiency with Immune Dysregulation.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Pre-existing Immunocompromising Conditions and Outcomes of Acute COVID-19 Patients Admitted for Pediatric Intensive Care.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Clinical and immunological outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with inborn errors of immunity receiving different brands and doses of COVID-19 vaccines.Tuberkuloz ve toraks · 2023Article
- Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with inborn errors of immunity (primary immunodeficiencies): a systematic review.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2023Article
- Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 on patients with inborn errors of immunity.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2023Review
- Article
- Clinical Outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients with Primary Antibody Deficiencies.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Active regression model for clinical grading of COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- A beacon in the dark: COVID-19 course in CVID patients from two European countries: Different approaches, similar outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
29 authors at 14 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
At the beginning of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) appeared to be particularly vulnerable to a severe course of the disease. It quickly turned out that only some IEI groups are associated with a high risk of severe infection. However, data on the course of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with IEI are still insufficient, especially in children; hence, further analyses are required. The retrospective study included 155 unvaccinated people with IEI: 105 children and 50 adults (67.7% and 32.3%, respectively). Male patients dominated in the study group (94 people, 60.6%). At least two comorbidities were found in 50 patients (32.3%), significantly more often in adults (56% vs. 21%). Adult patients presented significantly more COVID-19 symptoms. Asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic course of COVID-19 was demonstrated in 74.8% of the entire group, significantly more often in children (88.6% vs. 46%). Moderate and severe courses dominated in adults (54% vs. 11.4%). Systemic antibiotic therapy was used the most frequently, especially in adults (60% vs. 14.3%). COVID-19-specific therapy was used almost exclusively in adults. In the whole group, complications occurred in 14.2% of patients, significantly more often in adults (30% vs. 6.7%). In the pediatric group, there were two cases (1.9%) of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Deaths were reported only in the adult population and accounted for 3.9% of the entire study group. The death rate for all adults was 12%, 15.4% for adults diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency, 12.5% for those with X-linked agammaglobulinemia, and 21.4% for patients with comorbidity. The results of our study imply that vaccinations against COVID-19 should be recommended both for children and adults with IEI. Postexposure prophylaxis and early antiviral and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody-based therapies should be considered in adults with IEI, especially in those with severe humoral immune deficiencies and comorbidity.
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