ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Intestinal immune responses to commensal and pathogenic protozoa.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut protozoa of wild rodents - a meta-analysis.Parasitology · 2024Pooled it
- Parasites and allergies: a complex bidirectional relationship from evolutionary origins to modern therapeutics.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- Giardiasis and Bupropion-Associated Gastrointestinal Symptoms in a Returning Traveler: A Diagnostic Challenge Case Report.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Medium- and Large-sized Mammals on the Plateau: An Evolutionary Crucible for Zoonotic Pathogens - Ecological Drivers, Adaptive Evolution, and One Health Control.Microbial ecology · 2026Review
- Dynamics of Th17-Associated Cytokine Responses During the Intestinal-Dwelling Protozoan Parasite Giardia duodenalis Infection in Mice and Human Subjects.Acta parasitologica · 2026Article
- T cell exhaustion inParasite epidemiology and control · 2026Review
- Virulence attenuation of intestinal pathogenicity via combined gene deletion in duck enteritis vaccine strain restores gut microbiota balance and enhances safety.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Da Yuan Yin Regulates Gut Microbiota and Improves Intestinal Injury in Sepsis.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- The dual role of intestinal parasites in shaping human gut microbiota: distinguishing helminthic and protozoan dynamics.Gut pathogens · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota-associated metabolite N-acetyl-D-glucosamine alleviates systemic inflammatory responses induced by acute Toxoplasma gondii infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Reinventing malaria control: hierarchical intervention strategies for African settings based on the microbiota-barrier-innate immunity axis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Development of an in situ small intestinal injection technique for targeted macromolecule delivery and in vivo functional studies in mice.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Exploring the interplay betweenThe veterinary quarterly · 2025Review
- Early life infection withGut microbes · 2025Article
- The ileal crypt ultrastructural changes accompanying cryptosporidiosis in type 1 diabetic mouse model versus dexamethasone-immunocompromised mouse model.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2025Article
- Selected Protective Mechanisms of Human Milk Against Intestinal Protozoal Infections in Infants.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- The S2 Glycoprotein Subunit Determines Intestinal Tropism in Infectious Bronchitis Virus.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Helminth/Protozoan Coinfections in Chronic Fascioliasis Cases in Human Hyperendemic Areas: High Risk of Multiparasitism Linked to Transmission Aspects and Immunological, Environmental and Social Factors.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Giardia-induced Type 2 mucosal immunity attenuates intestinal inflammation caused by co-infection or colitis in mice.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The physical barrier of the intestine and associated mucosal immunity maintains a delicate homeostatic balance between the host and the external environment by regulating immune responses to commensals, as well as functioning as the first line of defense against pathogenic microorganisms. Understanding the orchestration and characteristics of the intestinal mucosal immune response during commensal or pathological conditions may provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying microbe-induced immunological tolerance, protection, and/or pathogenesis. Over the last decade, our knowledge about the interface between the host intestinal mucosa and the gut microbiome has been dominated by studies focused on bacterial communities, helminth parasites, and intestinal viruses. In contrast, specifically how commensal and pathogenic protozoa regulate intestinal immunity is less well studied. In this review, we provide an overview of mucosal immune responses induced by intestinal protozoa, with a major focus on the role of different cell types and immune mediators triggered by commensal (
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.