ArticleJournal of science and medicine in sport2022
Repetitive soccer heading adversely impacts short-term learning among adult women.
Article in Journal of science and medicine in sport, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Examining the use of experience sampling methods in sport psychology research: a scoping review.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- The second decade of DTI in TBI part 1: a systematic review of mild TBI.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Neurophysiological Effects of Repeated Soccer Heading in Youth.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2023Trial
- Changes in peripheral blood and cognitive performance after nonconcussive head impacts in elite female soccer players.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Measuring electrophysiological changes induced by sub-concussive impacts due to soccer ball heading.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Neck strength alone does not mitigate adverse associations of soccer heading with cognitive performance in adult amateur players.PloS one · 2024Article
- Soccer's AI transformation: deep learning's analysis of soccer's pandemic research evolution.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo determine the impact of 12-month heading exposure on short-term learning.
designA total of 105 active amateur soccer players, 45 women and 60 men, were administered an EMA-based test of working memory, a version of the two-back, once daily for 14 days.
methodsHeading exposure of the participants was assessed using "HeadCount", a validated structured questionnaire at the baseline visits. The short-term rate of learning of each individual is quantified by first fitting a quadratic model to the daily performance on the two-back test over a two-week period, then taking the instantaneous rate of the quadratic function at the 7th test. A linear regression model was used to test the association of heading exposure with rates of learning, including age, sex, years of education and history of concussion as covariates, as well as variables describing soccer play and heading within the two-week period. Sensitivity analyses were performed using different methods for quantifying the learning effects and different transformations on 12-month heading exposure.
resultsGreater 12-month heading was associated with lower rates of learning among women (p = 0.008) but not among men (p = 0.74).
conclusionsWe have identified evidence for an adverse, albeit subclinical, effect of soccer heading on brain function among young adult players, which selectively affects women in our sample.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.