Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36209462›Full record

ArticleBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2023

'Moving towards understanding', acceptability of investigations following stillbirth in sub-Saharan Africa: A grounded theory study.

Carol Bedwell, Valentina Actis Danna, Kutemba Lyangenda, Khuzuet Tuwele, Flora Kuzenza, Debora Kimaro, Happiness Shayo, Chisomo Petross, Isabella Chisuse, Alexander Heazell and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Factors Contributing to Uptake of Stillbirth Evaluations: A Qualitative Analysis.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Carol BedwellCentre for Childbirth, Women's and Newborn Health, International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8031-7793
Valentina Actis DannaCentre for Childbirth, Women's and Newborn Health, International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2476-1659
Kutemba LyangendaDepartment of Public Health and Research, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia.
Khuzuet TuweleDepartment of Public Health and Research, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia.
Flora KuzenzaArchbishop Antony Mayala School of Nursing, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Bugando, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Debora KimaroArchbishop Antony Mayala School of Nursing, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Bugando, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Happiness ShayoArchbishop Antony Mayala School of Nursing, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Bugando, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Chisomo PetrossKamazu College of Nursing, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.
Isabella ChisuseKamazu College of Nursing, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.
Alexander HeazellFaculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4303-7845
Suresh VictorPerinatal Imaging and Health, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5314-7626
Bellington VwalikaSchool of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Tina LavenderCentre for Childbirth, Women's and Newborn Health, International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.

Funding

National Institute for Health Research 16/137/53
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo explore the views of women, partners, families, health workers and community leaders of potential investigations to determine the cause(s) of stillbirth, in Malawi, Tanzania and Zambia.

designGrounded theory.

settingTertiary facilities and community settings in Blantyre, Malawi, Mwanza, Tanzania and Mansa, Zambia. SAMPLE: Purposive and theoretical sampling was used to recruit 124 participants: 33 women, 18 partners, 19 family members, 29 health workers and 25 community leaders, across three countries.

methodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted using a topic guide for focus. Analysis was completed using constant comparative analysis. Sampling ceased at data saturation.

resultsWomen wanted to know the cause of stillbirth, but this was tempered by their fear of the implications of this knowledge; in particular, the potential for them to be blamed for the death of their baby. There were also concerns about the potential consequences of denying tradition and culture. Non-invasive investigations were most likely to be accepted on the basis of causing less 'harm' to the baby. Parents' decision-making was influenced by type of investigation, family and cultural influences and financial cost.

conclusionsParents want to understand the cause of death, but face emotional, cultural and economic barriers to this. Offering investigations will require these barriers to be addressed, services to be available and a no-blame culture developed to improve outcomes. Community awareness, education and support for parents in making decisions are vital prior to implementing investigations in these settings.

Indexed as

ParentsStillbirthFamilyFemaleGrounded TheoryHumansPregnancyTanzaniaautopsyinvestigationspostmortemstillbirthsub-Saharan Africa

Identifiers

PMID36209462
PMCPMC10092083

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.