Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36209190›Full record

ReviewMilitary Medical Research2022

Sepsis-induced immunosuppression: mechanisms, diagnosis and current treatment options.

Di Liu, Si-Yuan Huang, Jian-Hui Sun, Hua-Cai Zhang, Qing-Li Cai, Chu Gao, Li Li, Ju Cao, Fang Xu, Yong Zhou and 6 more

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Military Medical Research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 458 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
458citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07655791 phase4not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Nicotinamide as an Adjunctive Therapy in Patients With Sepsis

TypeinterventionalSponsorAin Shams UniversityRan2026 to 2027Enrolled60ConditionsSepsis - to Reduce Mortality in the Intensive Care UnitArmsNicotinamide 1000 mg
NCT07672496 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

A Single-Center Randomized Controlled Pilot Study on the Effect of Ulinastatin on Systemic Immune and Inflammatory Response in Patients With Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infection

TypeinterventionalSponsorFujian Medical University Union HospitalRan2026 to 2028Enrolled165ConditionsComplicated Intra-abdominal Infection (cIAI), Systemic Inflammatory Response, Sepsis, Immune DysfunctionArmsulinastatin, Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

458 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Article
  4. Monocytes in pneumonia: Functional plasticity and innate memory (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026
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  10. [Development and validation of an explainable machine learning-based model for predicting mortality risk in polytrauma patients].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2026
    Article
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398 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Di Liu *Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
Si-Yuan Huang *Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
Jian-Hui SunDepartment of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
Hua-Cai ZhangDepartment of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
Qing-Li CaiDepartment of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
Chu GaoDepartment of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
Li LiDepartment of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
Ju CaoDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
Fang XuDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
Yong ZhouDepartment of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
Cha-Xiang GuanDepartment of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
Sheng-Wei JinDepartment of Anesthesia and Critical Care, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, Wenzhou, China.
Jin DengDepartment of Emergency, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, 550001, Guiyang, China.
Xiang-Ming FangDepartment of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China. xmfang@zju.edu.cn.
Jian-Xin JiangDepartment of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China. hellojjx@tmmu.edu.cn.
Ling ZengDepartment of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China. zengling_1025@tmmu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0002-9640-9083

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sepsis is a common complication of combat injuries and trauma, and is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. It is also one of the significant causes of death and increased health care costs in modern intensive care units. The use of antibiotics, fluid resuscitation, and organ support therapy have limited prognostic impact in patients with sepsis. Although its pathophysiology remains elusive, immunosuppression is now recognized as one of the major causes of septic death. Sepsis-induced immunosuppression is resulted from disruption of immune homeostasis. It is characterized by the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines, abnormal death of immune effector cells, hyperproliferation of immune suppressor cells, and expression of immune checkpoints. By targeting immunosuppression, especially with immune checkpoint inhibitors, preclinical studies have demonstrated the reversal of immunocyte dysfunctions and established host resistance. Here, we comprehensively discuss recent findings on the mechanisms, regulation and biomarkers of sepsis-induced immunosuppression and highlight their implications for developing effective strategies to treat patients with septic shock.

Indexed as

Immune Checkpoint InhibitorsSepsisAnti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsBiomarkersCytokinesHumansImmunosuppression TherapyAnti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsBiomarkersCytokinesImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmune monitoringImmunomodulatory therapyImmunosuppressionSepsis

Identifiers

PMID36209190
PMCPMC9547753

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.